Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Punjab States Agency

2021-08-04T08:03:23Z

103.41.25.117: /* Dynasties by State */

{{About|a historical group of states in British India|other uses of the name|Punjab (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Punjab States Agency
|common_name = Punjab States Agency
|nation = [[British India]]
|status_text = British Residency
|era = New Imperialism
|year_start = 1921
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1947
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Partition of India|British withdrawal from India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = Patiala and East Punjab States Union
|s2 = Himachal Pradesh
|s3 = Bilaspur State (1950–54)
|s4 = Bahawalpur (princely state)
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Patiala and East Punjab States Union - PEPSU logo.jpg
|flag_s2 =
|flag_s3 = Flag of State of Bahawalpur.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat = Arms of British Punjab.jpg
|image_map = Punjab 1909.jpg
|image_map_caption = Map of the [[Punjab (British India)|British Punjab]] in 1909.
|stat_area1 = 86430
|stat_year1 = 1921
|stat_pop1 = 465493
|today = [[Punjab,Pakistan|Punjab]],[[Pakistan]]
[[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}

The '''Punjab States Agency''' was a political office of the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]]. The agency was created in 1921, on the model of the [[Central India Agency]] and [[Rajputana Agency]], and dealt with forty [[princely states]] in northwest India formerly dealt with by the [[British India|British province]] of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=David P. Henige|title=Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers|publisher=Orchid Press|year=2004|isbn=978-974-524-049-0}}</ref><ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Punjab |volume=22}}</ref>

After 1947, most of the states chose to [[Instrument of Accession|accede]] to the [[Dominion of India]], the rest to the [[Dominion of Pakistan]].

== History ==
{{Princely States topics}}

The princely states had come under the [[suzerainty]] of the British crown after the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] of 1814–16 and went on to be known as the Punjab Native States and the Simla Hill States. They later came into direct diplomatic relations with the British province of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], with the exception of [[Tehri Garhwal State]], which had a connection instead with the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]].<ref>V. Verma, ''The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments'', pp. 41-42</ref>

The Punjab States Agency was established in 1921 out of the previous Punjab Native States, which had received advice from the Lieutenant Governor of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], and the [[Simla Hill States]], advised by the Deputy Commissioner of [[Simla district]].<ref>John Hutchison and JP Vogel, ''History of Punjab Hill states''; Lahore 1933</ref> The agency was created under the direct authority of the Governor General of India, with its headquarters in [[Shimla]].<ref>Ramesh Chandra Bisht, ''International Encyclopaedia Of Himalayas'', Vol. 3, p. 104</ref>

After Indian Independence in 1947, the states all acceded to the new [[Dominion of India]], most of them later becoming part of the new state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], with [[Tehri Garhwal State]] becoming part of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In 2000, the northern portion of Uttar Pradesh, including the former state of [[Tehri-Garhwal]], became the new state of [[Uttarakhand]].

== Princely states ==

=== Punjab States Agency ===
[[Salute state]]s, by precedence :
* [[Patiala State|Patiala]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (19-guns local)
* [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]] (now in Pakistan), title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (later promoted to 21 guns by the Pakistani president)
* [[Jind State|Jind]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
* [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
* [[Nabha State|Nabha]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns local)
* Kaithal, title Bhai ( Maharaja) Hereditary salute 13-guns (15-guns local)
* [[Kahlur|Bilaspur (Kahlur)]], title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Chamba State|Chamba]], title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Malerkotla State|Maler Kotla (Malerkotla)]], title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Mandi State|Mandi]], title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Sirmoor State|Sirmur (Nahan)]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Suket State|Suket]] (Sundarnagar), title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
* [[Loharu State|Loharu]], title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 9-guns

Non-salute states, alphabetically :
* Dujana State, title Nawab.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rohtak District |date=1883–1884 |page=22}}</ref>
* [[Mamdot]], title Nawab
* [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], title Nawab

Annexed States:<ref>{{cite book |last1=experts |first1=Arihant |title=Know your state Haryana |year=2018 |isbn=978-9350947890}}</ref>
* Bahadurgarh, title Nawab, annexed 1857 <ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rohtak District |date=1883–1884 |page=23}}</ref>
* Ballabgarh, title Raja, annexed 1857
* Farrukhnagar, title Nawab, annexed 1857 <ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Suresh |title=Haryana: Past and Present |page=110}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=114 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Jhajjar, title Nawab, annexed 1857 <ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rohtak District |date=1883–1884 |page=23}}</ref>

=== Jagirs ===
* Kunjpura, title Nawab <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Arnauli, title Bhai <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Karnal, title Nawab <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Shantiabad, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Dhanaura, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Tangaur, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Jharauli, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Shamgarh, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Panipat, title Nawab <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Shahzadapur, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Mustafabad, title Sardar <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Gogripur, title Chaudhary <ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=117 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>

== Historical princely states of the Punjab Hills ==
{{Div col}}
* [[Kangra-Lambagraon|Kangra]]
* Kangra-Nadaun
* [[Jaswan]]
* [[Guler State|Guler]] (Haripur)
* [[Siba State|Siba]]
* [[Datarpur State|Datarpur]]
* [[Kutlehar State|Kutlehar]]
* [[Madhopur, Jalandhar|Madhopur]]
* [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh]]
{{Div col end}}

== Simla Hill States Superintendency of the Punjab States Agency ==
[[Salute state]] :
* [[Bashahr]], title Raja, Personal 9 guns-salute

Non-salute states, alphabetically :
{{Div col}}
* [[Baghal State|Baghal]]
* [[Baghat]]
* Balsan
* [[Beja State|Beja]]
* [[Bhajji State|Bhajji]]
* [[Darkoti]]
* [[Dhami State|Dhami]]
* [[Jubbal]]
* [[Keonthal]]
* [[Kumharsain]]
* [[Kunihar]]
* [[Kuthar]]
* [[Mahlog]]
* [[Mangal State|Mangal]]
* [[Nalagarh State|Nalagarh]] (Hindur)
* [[Baragaon, Himachal Pradesh|Sangri]]
* Tharoch
{{Div col end}}

== Dynasties by State ==
The following are the dynasties of respective states of the Punjab Agency:

[[Salute state]]s, by precedence :
* [[Patiala State|Patiala]] - Sidhu Jat (Phulkian Dynasty)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=412}}</ref>
* [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]] - Daudpotra Abbasi <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=42}}</ref>
* [[Jind State|Jind]] - Sidhu Jat (Phulkian Dynasty)
* [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]] - Kalal Jat <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=233}}</ref>
* [[Nabha State|Nabha]] - Sidhu Jat (Phulkian Dynasty) <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=369}}</ref>
* [[Kahlur|Bilaspur (Kahlur)]] - Agrok Rajput <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=223}}</ref>
* [[Chamba State|Chamba]] - Agrok Rajput <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=95}}</ref>
* [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]] - Brar Jat (Phulkian Dynasty) <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=133}}</ref>
* [[Malerkotla State|Maler Kotla (Malerkotla)]] - Sherwani Afghan <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=306}}</ref>
* [[Mandi State|Mandi]] - Chandravansi Rajput (Lunar Race)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=310}}</ref>
* [[Sirmoor State|Sirmur (Nahan)]] - Jadu Bhatti Rajput <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=507}}</ref>
* [[Suket State|Suket]] - Chandravansi Rajput (Lunar Race) <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=515}}</ref>
* [[Loharu State|Loharu]] - Afghan <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=290}}</ref>

Non-salute states, alphabetically :
* Dujana State - [[Yusufzai]] Pathan<ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rohtak District |date=1883–1884 |page=22}}</ref>
* [[Mamdot]] - Hassanzai Pathan <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=391}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Griffin |first1=Sir Lepel H |title=The Punjab Chiefs |date=1865 |page=56}}</ref>
* [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]] - [[Barech]] Pathan <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=410}}</ref>

Annexed States:
* Bahadurgarh - [[Barech]] Pathan <ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rohtak District |date=1883–1884 |page=23}}</ref>
* Ballabgarh - Tewatia Jatt <ref>{{cite web|title=Raja Nahar Singh Palace|url=http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/rajanaharsingh.asp|website=HaryanaTourism|access-date=4 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628070339/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/rajanaharsingh.asp|archive-date=28 June 2015}}</ref>
* Farrukhnagar - Baluch<ref>{{cite journal |title=Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana |journal=Shodhganga |page=114 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/39058/12/12_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref>
* Jhajjar - [[Barech]] Pathan <ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rohtak District |date=1883–1884 |page=23}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Political integration of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|30|6|N|77|10|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Agencies of British India]]
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1930]]

Morinda, Punjab

2021-07-30T09:18:34Z

103.41.25.117:

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Morinda
| native_name = Baganwaala
| native_name_lang = Punjabi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.79|N|76.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 9
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 267
| population_total = 21788
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 140101
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0160
| registration_plate = PB 87 XX XXXX
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Morinda''' is a city with [[Municipal Council]] in [[Rupnagar District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India |state]] of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]. Morinda is an old town which is believed to trace its name from Mor Jats.it can be known as Moran and then Morinda.

Morinda is known in the local region for housing one of the 23 Co-operative Sugar Mills in the State of Punjab. It is also known as Baganwaala, "The City of Orchards". This is because Large Orchards occupied it once which were eventually cleared for housing.

The City is located on [[National Highway 5 (India)]](Connecting Chandigarh and Ludhiana). This benefits local businesses, enabling the town development and expansion. Today, Morinda grows at a faster rate than its neighbouring towns.<ref name="Morinda Municipal Council"/> A lot of industries of nearby towns such as Bassi Pathana have moved to Morinda.<ref name="Morinda Municipal Council"/>

Adding to the historical significance of the town is Gurudwara Shri Kotwaali Sahib. This was the prison (Kotwali) where the Mother, [[Mata Gujri]] of 10th Sikh Guru ([[Guru Gobind Singh]]) and his two sons were kept as prisoners before being taken to [[Fatehgarh Sahib]] where the sons sacrificed their lives. They were buried alive in the walls and later Mata Gujri also ended her life at the same place.<ref name="Morinda Municipal Council">{{Cite web|url=http://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/morinda/city-introduction/|title=Morinda Municipal Council|publisher=Morinda Municipal Council}}</ref>

==Geography==
It is located on [[Ludhiana]]-[[Chandigarh]] Highway, [[National Highway 95 (India)(old numbering)|NH95]]. It lies in Ropar District.

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Morinda, Punjab
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 70
|Feb high F = 74
|Mar high F = 85
|Apr high F = 98
|May high F = 107
|Jun high F = 109
|Jul high F = 100
|Aug high F = 94
|Sep high F = 93
|Oct high F = 91
|Nov high F = 82
|Dec high F = 74
|year high F= 89.75
|Jan low F = 39
|Feb low F = 43
|Mar low F = 50
|Apr low F = 60
|May low F = 70
|Jun low F = 78
|Jul low F = 80
|Aug low F = 76
|Sep low F = 69
|Oct low F = 56
|Nov low F = 47
|Dec low F = 42
|year low F= 59.166
|source 1 = <Meteoblue >{{cite web |url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/morinda_india_1262426 | publisher=Meteoblue |year=2016 |work=Climate Morinda |accessdate=12 September 2016| title=Meteoblue - weather close to you }}
|date=
}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Morinda had a Population of 21,788. Males Constitute 53% of the Population and Females 47%. Morinda has an Average Literacy Rate of 70%, Higher than the National Average of 59.5%: Male Literacy is 74%, and Female Literacy is 66%. In Morinda, 11% of the Population is under 6 years of Age.

==Infrastructure==
===Education===
Morinda has also become an education hub, since there are more than five universities and a large college network around the city, such as the Charanjit Singh Memorial Institute of Nursing Education, near the Ludhiana-Morinda Bypass.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rupnagar district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Rupnagar district]]