Kalyan

2021-07-07T11:35:37Z

103.226.7.7: /* History */By

{{Other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalyan
| settlement_type = [[City]]<br />[[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|Mumbai Metropolitan City]]
| image_skyline =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kalyan in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.24|N|73.13|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| established_title = 
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Kalyan-Dombivali Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Vinita V. Rane]] ([[Shiv Sena]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 137.15
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8.84
| population_total = 1,246,381 (with [[Dombivli]])
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Kalyankar
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN CODE]]
| postal_code = 421301(Kalyan (West)) 421304 (Kalyan (S.O.)) 421306 (Kalyan (East))
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MH.E2.80.94Maharashtra|MH]]-05
| unemployment_rate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 917 females/1000 males [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Dr Vijay Suryawanshi
| leader_title3 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name3 = Moreshwar Shreeram Bhoir ([[BJP]])
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Literacy Rate]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 93.06%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kalyan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalyan]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Kalyan
| blank5_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]]
| official_name =
}}
'''Kalyan''' is a city in [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[Konkan division]] and a part of [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]] (MMR). It is a neighbouring city of [[Mumbai]] and is governed by [[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]].

Kalyan is within the [[administrative division]] (''[[tahsil]]'') at a [[taluka]] level of [[Thane district]]. Kalyan and its neighbouring township of [[Dombivli]] jointly form [[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]], abbreviated as KDMC. It is a founding city corporation of the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. Kalyan is the 9th biggest city in Maharashtra and 28th in the country.

==History==
The name 'Kalyan' is believed to be from Kalyan swami, a great disciple of Sadguru Samartha Ramdas Swami who arrived at Durga Devi temple on Shri Durgadi fort, which was won by Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the fort was well used as Navy stations in Swarajya dynasty. The temple is renovated several times by Hindus. A big fair is held at Durgadi fort in Navratri.

In pre-independent India, the [[British Raj]] spelled Kalyan as ''Kallian'', ''Cullian'', ''Callian'' and sometimes as ''Callianee''. Over the centuries, the city has seen attacks by various foreign armies, including the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] and the [[United Kingdom|British]]. The [[Marathas]] were held in high regard by the locals for being their only line of defense against invasions. {{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

Walter Hamilton, a foreign visitor passing through India, described ''Callianee'' as '<nowiki/>''A Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Description of Hindustan, and the Adjacent Counties''' in Volume 2 on page 150 of his 1820 book.

<gallery>
File:Kalyan 1857.jpg|A post 1857 map by John Tallis focused on the events of the Rebellion. The author spells Kalyan as "KALYAN LANJA"/"Calliannee".
File:Kalyan by Edward Weller (1859).jpg|India, by Edward Weller, for the Weekly Dispatch Magazine, c.1859. Spelled "Callianee".
File:Kalyan 1861.jpg|"India," 1861, a map by J. and C. Walker. Spelled as "Killiannee".
File:Kalyan 1873.jpg|"India", by Alexander Keith Johnson, from his "Royal Atlas of Modern Geography," London, 1873. Spelled "Kalyan".
File:Central and South Asia, from the first edition of the 'Allgemeiner Hand-Atlas' by Richard Andree (Leipzig- Verlag con Velhagen & Klasing, 1881) south east.jpg|Leipzig: Verlag con Velhagen & Klasing, 1881. Spelled as "Kalyan"
File:Kalyan 1883.jpg|Letts's Popular Atlas, 1883 (Letts & Co., London), Spelled "Kalliannee".
File:Kalyan 1885.jpg|Cram atlas map, 1885. Spelled as "Callian".
File:Kalyan 1955.jpg|A documented map of Kalyan area 1955 from the US military. Spelled "Kalyan".
</gallery>

[[File:Anandibai Joshee, Kei Okami, and Tabat M. Islambooly.jpg|thumb|Anandibai Joshi graduated from Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMC) in 1886. Seen here with [[Kei Okami]] (center) and [[Tabat Islambooly]] (right). All three completed their medical studies, and each was the first woman from their respective countries to obtain a degree in Western medicine.]]

[[Anandi Gopal Joshi]], from Kalyan, along with [[Kadambini Ganguly]], was one of the first two [[Indian people|Indian]] women<ref>{{cite book|title=The Women's Book of World Records and Achievements|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0385127332|url-access=registration|author=Eron, Carol|editor=O'Neill, Lois Decker|publisher=Anchor Press|year=1979|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0385127332/page/204 204]|chapter=Women in Medicine and Health Care|isbn=0-385-12733-2|quote=First Hindu Woman Doctor}}</ref> to obtain a degree in [[Western medicine]]. An 1886 graduate, Joshi is also believed to be the first [[Hindu]] woman to set foot on American soil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pri.org/stories/2013-07-12/historical-photos-depict-women-medical-pioneers |title=Historical Photos Depict Women Medical Pioneers |publisher=Public Radio International |date=12 July 2013 |access-date=29 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://deshdaaz.blogspot.com/2014/10/anandabai-gopal-joshia-forgotten-indian.html|title=Anandabai Gopal Joshi....A forgotten Indian icon|publisher=Deshdaaz |date=29 October 2014}}</ref>

There are many historic temples on banks of lakes like Kala Talav and Pokharan in old Kalyan. The Samadhis of Saints Shri Sahajanand Swami, Shri Rammaruti Maharaj and Shri Malang Baba are situated in Kalyan, which makes the city spiritually capitalized. Fairs on Hindu new year day- Gudhi Padwa, Ganeshotsav and Navratri are good to watch. Oldest school in Kalyan is SUBHEDAR WADA HIGH SCHOOL which was the house of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja's Subhedar. India's first Ganesh Utsav was started in this house by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

==Around Kalyan==

===Durgadi Fort===
[[File:Durgadi Fort Enterance.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Kalyan's Durgadi Fort entrance]]
The city of Kalyan was surrounded by a fort wall, the construction of which began during Shah Jahan's reign and was completed during Aurangzeb's reign in 1694 A.D. This city wall, which ran in excess of 2000 yards, 2123 to be precise, was guarded by 4 gates and 11 towers. The fort wall enclosed an area of 70 acres and on a high mound near the Kalyan creek, where the current Ganesh ghat stands, was a fine fort since as early as 1570.

The wall of the fort along the top of the inner bank of the ditch, and, near the north end, had a gateway known as the Delhi or Killyacha Darwaja. {{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

Under the Marathas (1760–72), a new gate about {{convert|150|ft|m}} to the south of the Ganesh gate was opened near the mansion of Ramji Mahadeo Biwalkar, the Peshwa's Governor. In the citadel of the fort Marathas built a small wooden temple of Durgadevi behind the mosque, and called the fort Durgadi Killain in honor of the goddess, a name which it still bears. The fort measures {{convert|220|ft|m}} in length and somewhat less in breadth. Under the English rule, the fort wall was dismantled and stones carried to build the Kalyan and Thane piers and a dwelling for the customs inspector in the west of the Kalyan fort. The gate to the north-west is almost the only trace of the fort wall, which is of rough stone masonry. During 1876 the original idol of the goddess Durga was stolen.<ref>Page no. 120, The Gazetteers of Bombay Presidency, Thane 3rd Edition</ref>
[[File:Kala Talao 1.jpg|thumb|Kala Talao, a historic lake]]

==Demographics==
The majority of Kalyan citizens are [[Hindu]]s with [[Muslim]]s being a majority too.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}.

==Climate==

{{Weather box
|location = Kalyan
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 29.3
|Feb high C = 34.7
|Mar high C = 43.6
|Apr high C = 48.7
|May high C = 38.7
|Jun high C = 31.9
|Jul high C = 29.8
|Aug high C = 29.3
|Sep high C = 30.1
|Oct high C = 32.9
|Nov high C = 33.4
|Dec high C = 32.0
|Jan low C = 14.6|Feb low C = 16.3
|Mar low C = 19.6
|Apr low C = 25.7
|May low C = 26.1
|Jun low C = 25.8
|Jul low C = 24.8
|Aug low C = 24.5
|Sep low C = 24.0
|Oct low C = 23.1
|Nov low C = 20.5
|Dec low C = 18.2
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 2.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 1.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 0.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 1.8
|May precipitation mm = 13.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 432.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 946.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 553.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 294.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 87.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 20.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.0
|source = [http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thane/Climate-%20table.html Government of Maharashtra]
|date = June 2012
}}

== Transport ==
Trains, Buses and Auto-rickshaws are the important mode of transport in and around Kalyan. 200,000 Kalyan citizens travel daily by local trains.<ref>{{cite news |title= ''रिक्षाचालकांविरोधात प्रवासांचा एल्गार'' (''Rikṣācālakāṃvirōdhāt Pravāsāṃcā Ēlgār'')|publisher= Sakal Publications |location= Kalyan, Thane |page=6 |date= 24 February 2015|language= mr }}</ref>

[[Kalyan Junction railway station]] is on the railway line between Mumbai and [[Karjat]]/[[Kasara]]. The city of Kalyan has access to four railway stations on the Central line - [[Thakurli]] Station, [[Vitthalwadi]], [[Shahad]] Station and '''Kalyan''' Junction. Kalyan Junction serves as an important railway station for the people in and around [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/maharashtra/mumbai-cst-bound-local-train-derails-near-kalyan-1-feared-dead_919143.html|title=Mumbai CST-bound local train derails near Kalyan, 1 killed|date=20 March 2014|work=Zee Media|publisher=Essel|access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref>

==Civic amenities==

With a population of more than 700,000, Kalyan is a part of the [[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]] established in 1983, with municipalities of Kalyan, Dombivli, [[Ambernath]] and 81 other villages. It was then one of the largest urban local bodies in [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]] (MMR) and in the state, with an area around {{cvt|209|km2}}. The government of Maharashtra has decided to delete major area of the corporation limits on different occasions.{{clarify|date=June 2018}} Presently the total area of the corporation has remained, and measures about {{cvt|67|km2}}.

==Government==
[[Kalyan-Dombivali Municipal Corporation|KDMC]] is a municipal corporation in Thane district of Maharashtra State, India. The municipal corporation was formed in 1983 to administer the twin townships of Kalyan and Dombivli. The municipal corporation has a population 15,18,762 citizens as per the 2011 census.
Due to its highly educated population it is often called the second cultural capital of Maharashtra after Pune. Kalyan was once famous as a port in ancient times. Records of its existence as a premier port in the region have been found in ancient Greek manuscripts.

The corporation is governed by Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act 1949. The following authorities are given charge to carry out the provisions of the act:
* A corporation
* A standing committee
* Ward committees
* Municipal commissioner

Both the cities are divided into 122 wards. Municipal Corporation consists of Councillors elected directly at Ward Elections. The number and boundaries of the Wards into which the city is divided is specified by the State Election Commissioner.
There are five Councillors nominated by the corporation.
As per the provisions of the Act, the total number of Councillors is 121.
The Corporation elects one of its members as the Mayor and another to be the Deputy Mayor.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.kalyancity.com/Govt_Offices.php| title=Government in Kalyan| author=kalyancity.com| publisher=kalyancity.com}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:KDMTBus.jpg|KDMT Buses
File:Kalyan Railway Station During Floods.jpg|Kalyan Junction during the 26 July floods
File:Kalyan Junction station on the Great Indian Peninsula Railway near Bombay LCCN2004707348.tif|Kalyan Junction
</gallery>

== Notable people ==


* [[Vishwanath Bhoir]]{{ndash}} MLA, (Kalyan West)
* [[Tushar Deshpande]] {{ndash}} Indian Cricketer. (Fast Bowler)
* [[Pranav Dhanawade]] {{ndash}} Indian Cricketer. (Record holder for most runs 1009*)
* [[Ashish Dixit]] {{ndash}} Indian Actor
* [[Ganpat Gaikwad]]{{ndash}} MLA, BJP (Kalyan East)
* [[Anandi Gopal Joshi]] {{ndash}} first Indian female physician
* [[Gavin Packard]] {{ndash}} Indian actor
* [[Pramod Ratan Patil]]{{ndash}} MLA, MNS (Kalyan Rural)
* [[Narendra Pawar]] {{ndash}} Ex-MLA, BJP (Kalyan West)
* [[Lalit Prabhakar]] {{ndash}} Indian actor
* [[Shrikant Shinde]] {{ndash}} Member of Parliament (Kalyan)
* [[Sneha Wagh]] {{ndash}} Indian Television actress

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016193019/http://www.kdmc.gov.in/kdmc/ KDMC]: Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation

{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Thane district]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Kalyan-Dombivli]]

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