List of Tamil monarchs

2021-10-26T06:42:58Z

103.217.228.52: Spelling corrected

{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
{{TNhistory}}
This is a list of [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking monarchs, who ruled in [[Tamilakam]] and [[Sri Lanka]] and parts of south east Asia. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.<ref>Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146</ref>

==Tamil royal titles==

* Perun-Ko, Perarasan, Irai, Iraivan (emperor)
* Perarasi (empress)
* Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan or Araiyan (king)
* Arasi (queen)
* Ilavarasi or Piratti (Princess)
* Ilam-Ko or Ilavarasan (prince)
* Kuru-nila Mannan or Chitarasan (petty king)
* Chitarasi (petty queen)
* Antavan (ruler)

==Three Crowned Kings==
{{Main|Three Crowned Kings}}

[[File:South India in Sangam Period.jpg|thumb|300px|Tamilakam in the ''''[[Sangam Period]]'''.]]

* [[Chera]]
* [[Chola]]
* [[Pandya]]

==[[Pandyan Kingdom]]==

===Early Pandyans (6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)===

* Koon Pandiyan
* [[Nedunjeliyan I]] (he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi]])
* Pudappandiyan
* Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
* [[Nedunjeliyan II]]
* Nanmaran
* Nedunjeliyan III
* Maran Vazhudhi
* Kadalan Vazhudhi
* Mutriya Chezhiyan
* Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi

===Medieval Pandyans (6th – 10th centuries CE)===

* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (c. 620-645 CE)
* [[Jayantavarman]] (c. 645-670 CE)
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (c. 670–710 CE)
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710 CE-735 CE)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765)
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
* Varagunan I (800–830)
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862)
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880)
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920)

===Pandyans under Chola empire (10th – 13th centuries)===

*Sundara Pandyan I
*Vira Pandyan I
*Vira Pandyan II
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
*Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
*Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
*Jatavarman Chola Pandya
*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162)
*Kulasekara Pandyan III
*Vira Pandyan III
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216)

===Later Pandyans (13th – 14th centuries)===

*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238)
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251)
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268)
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308)
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

===Tenkasi Pandyans (15th – 17th centuries)===

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] because of the Islamic and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] invasion, and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.

* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan 1422–1463
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan 1429–1473
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] 1473–1506
* Kulasekara Pandyan 1479–1499
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan 1534–1543
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan 1543–1552
* Nelveli Maran 1552–1564
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan 1564–1604
* Varathunga Pandyan 1588–1612
* Varakunarama Pandyan 1613–1618
* Kollankondan ?–?

==[[Chola Empire]] (c. 300 BCE–1280 CE)==

[[File:Karikaala Chozan Memorial Building (2).jpg|thumb|A bronze statue of [[Karikala Chola|Karikalan]].]]
[[File:Raraja detail.png|thumb|A sculpture of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].]]

===Legendary Cholas===

[[Legendary early Chola kings]]

===Early Cholas (c. 300 BCE –850 CE)===

*[[Ellalan (monarch)|Ellalan]]
*[[Kulakkottan]]
*[[Ilamcetcenni]]
*[[Karikala Chola|Karikalan]]
*[[Nedunkilli]]
*[[Nalankilli]]
*[[Killivalavan]]
*[[Kopperuncholan]]
*[[Kocengannan]]
*[[Perunarkilli]]

===Imperial Cholas (850–1279 CE)===

* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] 850-871
* [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola I]] 871–907
* [[Parantaka I|Parantaka Chola I]] 907–955
* [[Gandaraditya|Gandaraditya Chola]] 955–962
* [[Arinjaya|Arinjaya Chola]] 962–963
* [[Parantaka Chola II|Sundara Chola]] 963–980
* [[Uttama Chola]] 971–987
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] 985–1014
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] 1012–1044
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola]] 1018–1054
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] 1051–1063
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] 1063–1070
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] 1067–1070
*[[Kulothunga Chola I]] 1070–1120
*[[Vikrama Chola]] 1118–1136
*[[Kulothunga Chola II]] 1133–1150
*[[Rajaraja Chola II]] 1146–1173
*[[Rajadhiraja Chola II]] 1163–1178
*[[Kulothunga Chola III]] 1178–1218
*[[Rajaraja Chola III]] 1216–1256
*[[Rajendra Chola III]] 1246–1279

=== Later Cholas (16th Century) ===
*[[Virasekhara Chola]]
(''early 16th century, opponent of Nagama Nayak'') VASANTH k 1660 sect is tha latest king

==[[Chera Kingdom]]==
[[File:Chera coin (ancient south India) (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend "Makkotai"|147x147px]]
[[File:Kuttuvankotai-cash.jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kotai"]]

===Early Cheras===
*[[Uthiyan Cheralathan|Uthiyan Cheral Athan]]
*[[Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan|Nedum Cheral Athan]]
*Palyani Sel Kelu Kuttuvan
*Narmudi Cheral
*[[Senguttuvan|Vel Kelu Kuttuvan (Senguttuvan Chera)]]
*Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan
*Selva Kadumko Valia Athan
*Anthuvan Cheral
*[[Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral|Perum Cheral Irumporai]]
*Illam Cheral Irumporai
*[[Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral|Mantharan Cheral Irumporai]]
*Kanaikkal Irumporai

==== From inscriptions ====

*Ko Athan Cheral Irumporai
*Perum Kadungo Irumporai
*Ilam Kadungo Irumporai
*Kadummi Pudha Chera

==== From inscribed coins ====

*Mak-kothai
*Kuttuvan Kothai
*Kollippurai/Kollippurai
*Kol Irumporai
*Sa Irumporai

=== Kongu Cheras/Keralas ([[Karur]])===

* Ravi Kotha
* Kantan Ravi
* Vira Kotha
* Vira Narayana
* Vira Chola
* Vira Kerala
* Amara Bhujanga Deva
* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva

=== Kodungallur Cheras (the Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas) ===

* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)
** [[Kulasekhara Alvar]]/Kulasekhara Varma
*[[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Rama Rajasekhara]] (870–883 CE)
** [[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]]
*Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
* Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
*[[Goda Ravi|Kotha Ravi]] (905–943 CE)
* Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
* Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
* Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
* Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
* Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)

=== Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) ===

*[[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1090–1102)
* Kotha Varman Marthandam (1102–1125)
* Vira Kerala Varman I (1125–1145)
* Kodai Kerala Varman (1145–1150)
* Vira Ravi Varman (1145–1150)
* Vira Kerala Varman II (1164–1167)
* Vira Aditya Varman (1167–1173)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1173–1192)
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varman III (1192–1195)
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varman Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
* Vira Rama Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
* Ravi Varma (1299–1313)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1313–1333)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
* Vira Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1366–1382)
* Vira Ravi Varman (1383–1416)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varman (1416–1417)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varman (1383)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varman (1383–1444)
* Vira Ravi Varman (1444–1458)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1458–1468)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varman (1468–1484
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503)
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varman, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528)
Vasanth kulam kathan,sunthar sageer
(1535-1560)

==[[Pallava Kingdom]]==
From 275 CE – 897 CE

[[File:I37 Pallavas Narasimhavarman 1 (8097362987).jpg|thumb|A Pallava coin with lion insigne of [[Narasimhavarman I]].]]

===Early Pallavas===
* Virakurcha (275 - 300) [Founder]
* Simha Varman I [Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra]
* Siva Skanda Varman I (300 - 325)
* Buddhavarman (325 - 340)
* Vishnugopavarman (340 - 350)

===Middle Pallavas===

* Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)
* Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)
* Vira Varman (c. 380-400)
* Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)
* Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)
* Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa [Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra]
* Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)
* Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)
* Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
* Buddha Varman (c. 510–525)
* Kumaravisnu III (c. 525–545)

===Later Pallavas===

* Simha Varman III (c. 545–554)
*[[Simhavishnu]] (554–590)
*[[Mahendravarman I]] (590–630)
*[[Narasimhavarman I]] (Mamalla) (630–668)
*[[Mahendravarman II]] (668–669)
*[[Paramesvaravarman I]] (669–691)
*[[Narasimhavarman II]] (Raja Simha) (691–728)
*[[Paramesvaravarman II]] (728–731)
*[[Nandivarman II]] (Pallavamalla) (731–796)
*[[Dantivarman]] (775–825)
*[[Nandivarman III]] (825–869)
*Nirupathungan (869–882)
*[[Aparajitavarman]] (882–897)

==[[Ay Kingdom]]==

=== Ay chieftains (early historic) ===

*Ay Andiran
*Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)
*Ay Atiyan

=== Medieval Ay kings ===

*Chadayan Karunanthan
*Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856-884)
*[[Vikramaditya Varaguna]] (r. 884-911 CE)

==[[Mushika Kingdom]]==

===Early Period===

* Ezhimala Nannan

===Medieval Period===

* Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 AD)
* Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 AD)
* Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 AD)
* Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century AD)

==[[Jaffna Kingdom]] ([[Aryacakravarti dynasty|Aryacakravarti]]s) (c. 1277 – 1619 AD)==

[[File:Jaffna Royal family.jpeg|thumb|Image of [[Singai Parasasekaran]], his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and [[Cankili I]]]]

* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]] 1277-1284
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] 1284-1292
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] 1292-1302
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] 1302-1325
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] 1325-1348
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] 1348-1371
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] 1371-1380
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] 1380-1410
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] 1410-1440
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] 1440-1450 & 1467-1478
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] 1478-1519
* [[Cankili I]] 1519-1561
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] 1561-1565 & 1582-1591
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] 1565-1570
* [[Periyapillai]] 1565-1582
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] 1591-1617
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran 1617-1619<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title= genealogy of the royal house of jaffna}}</ref>

==[[Nayak dynasty|Nayakars]]==

===[[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai Nayakar]] (1529 AD – 1736 AD)===

*Nagama Nayaka
*Viswanatha Nayaka
*Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
*Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
*Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
*Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
*Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
*[[Mangammal]] (1689–1704)
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
*Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736)

===[[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee Nayakar]] (1509 – 1649)===

*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
*Chennappa Nayaka
*Gangama Nayaka
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
*Varadappa Nayaka
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
*Venkata Perumal Naidu
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649)

===[[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayakar]] (1532 – 1673 AD)===

*[[Sevappa Nayak]] (1532–1580)
*[[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614)
*[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634)
*[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673)

===[[Kandy Nayakar]] (1739 – 1815 AD)===

*[[Sri Vijaya Rajasinha]] (reigned 1739–1747)
*[[Kirti Sri Rajasinha]]
*[[Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha]]
*[[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]]

==[[Ramnad estate|Ramnad Sethupathis]]==

* Sadasiva Thevar Sethupathi (1590–1621)
* Kootan Sethupathi (1621–1637)
* Dalavai Sethupathi (1637–1659)
* Raghunatha Sethupathi (1659–1670)

===Independent Sethupathis (1670 – 1794 AD)===

* [[Raghunatha Kilavan]] (1670–1708)
* Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I (1708–1723)
* Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1723–1724)
* Bhavani Shankara Thevar (1724–1728)
* Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1734)
* Muthukumara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1734–1747)
* Rakka Thevar (1747–1748)
* Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi II (1748–1760)
* Muthuramalinga Sethupathi I (1760–1794)

===Under British Raj (1795 – 1979 AD)===

* Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1807)
* Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
* Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
* Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830–1846)
* Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
* [[Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II]] (1862–1873)
* [[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]] (1873–1889)
* [[Bhaskara Sethupathy]] (1889–1903)
* Dinakara Sethupathy
* [[Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1903–1929)
* [[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1929–1967)
* [[Ramanatha Sethupathi]] (1967–1979)

==[[Pudukkottai state|Pudukkotai Tondaimans]] (1680 – 1948 AD)==

* [[Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman]] (1686–1730)
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I]] (1730–1769)
* [[Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (1769–December 1789)
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II]] (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
* [[Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
* [[Ramachandra Tondaiman]] (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
* [[Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman]] (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
* [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]] (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947)

==[[Sivaganga estate]] (1725 – 1947 AD)==
* Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1730-1750)
* Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750-1780)
* [[Velu Nachiyar]] (1780-1790)
* [[Vellacci]] (1790-1793)<ref>K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, ''A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State'', p.720</ref>
* Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793-1801)
* [[Zamindar]] under British rule (1803-1947)

==[[Velirs|Velir monarchs]]==

* [[Athiyamān]]
* [[Athiyamān Nedumān Añci]]
* [[Irunkōvēl]]
* [[Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri]]
* [[Malayamān]]
* [[Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan]]
* [[Vēl Pāri]]
* [[Ilanji Vel]]

==[[Palaiyakkarar]]s==
* [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]]
* [[Puli Thevar]]
* [[Maruthu Pandiyar]]
* [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]
* [[Oomaithurai]]
* [[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone]]

==Others==
* Emperor [[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar]] (aka Suvaran Maran) of [[Mutharaiyar dynasty]]
* [[Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte]] (aka Chempaha Perumal)
* [[Kadava dynasty]]
* [[Alagakkonara]]
* [[Sambuvaraya]]
* [[Pandara Vanniyan]] of [[Vanni Nadu]]
* [[Akkarayan]]
* [[Magadai|Magadai Mandalam]]
* [[Valvil Ori]]
* [[Sena and Guttika]]
* [[The Five Dravidians]]
* [[The Six Dravidians]]
* Valai Vannan (A [[Naga people (Lanka)|Nakar]] king, who was mentioned in [[Manimekalai]]).
* [[Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan]] was a vassal and brother-in-law of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].

==See also==
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[History of Kerala]]
*[[History of Sri Lanka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil history]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Tamil monarchs| ]]
[[Category:King lists|T]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|T]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of Tamil monarchs