Lone (caste)

2021-07-29T06:56:35Z

103.20.132.186: i changed the name Lun from it because its kind of disrespecting in urdu language

{{short description|Kashmiri caste}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
'''Lone''' ({{lang-ks|लोन <small>([[Devanagari]])</small>, لون <small>([[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaleeq]])</small>}}), historically known as Lavanya<ref name=":0" /> is a [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] surname found in the [[India]]n administered union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and the [[Pakistan]]i administered province of [[Azad Kashmir]]. Kashmiris with this surname are also found in other parts of India and in the Pakistani Punjabi areas of Lahore, Gujranwala and Sialkot.

==Background==
Scholars like [[Jan Gonda]] and [[Walter Roper Lawrence]] have stated that the Lone belong to the [[Vaishya]] order, being Hindu agriculturalists and traders prior to their conversion to Islam.<ref name="Braj B. Kachru">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=5EUIAQAAIAAJ&q=Lone+kashmiri|title=Kashmiri literature|year=1973|publisher = Harrassowitz|isbn=9783447021296|quote= The Lone are converts from the Vaish Hindu community.|access-date = 25 March 2007}}</ref>
{{cquote|Only one ''Kram'' the Lon is generally assigned a [[Vaishya|Vaisya]] origin. --[[Sir Walter Roper Lawrence]]<ref> The Valley Of Kasmir by Walter R Lawrence Chapter XII Page 306 </ref>}}

In the view of [[Kalhana]]:

''In narrating the war of extermination by which Harsa, endeavoured to rid the eastern portion of the valley of the powerful Damaras. Kalhana indiscriminately also uses the term LAVANYA to designate them. This becomes quite evident by a comparison of the verses quoted below. The same observation holds good for a series of passages in later portions of the Chronicle. The explanation is not far to seek. Lavanya, as shown in note vii. 1171, is a tribal name still surviving to this day in the Kram name Lun, born by a considerable section of the agriculturist population of Kashmir.<ref>Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir, Page 306</ref>''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kalhana|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC&lpg=PA425&vq=Dar&pg=PA425#v=snippet&q=Lavanya&f=false|title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir: Vol 1 & 2|date=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-0370-1|pages=306|language=en}}</ref>

The Lone Tribe is considered to be the direct descendant of the survived [[Damara (feudal landlord)|Damaras]] who later adopted different professions and blended into the Kashmiri society.<ref name=":0" />

Today The Lone tribe is based mainly in northern Kashmir, although in the past few centuries there has been gradual diffusion of the tribe throughout the valley of Kashmir and other parts of India. Some members of this caste are also found in the Pakistani-administered Kashmir, they are said to have migrated there in 1947 or in the 1990s when militancy was at its height in the valley. However, the place of origin of the tribe and the area where the tribe is said to be mostly concentrated in is the northern [[Kupwara]] district of the Kashmir Valley.{{cn|date=February 2020}}

Although the vast majority of the Lone tribe speak [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] as their mother tongue, significant numbers speak [[Shina language|Shina]], especially those who live in the [[Gurez]] valley.{{cn|date=February 2020}} The majority of the people of the Lone tribe follow [[Islam]] as their religion and are predominantly [[Sunni Muslims]].{{cn|date=November 2020}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kashmirifamalies}}
{{India-ethno-stub}}
{{Pakistan-ethno-stub}}

[[Category:Kashmiri tribes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]

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Lone (caste)