Purna River (tributary of Godavari)

2022-02-22T05:03:28Z

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{{other uses|Purna (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Purna river
| name_native = {{native name|mr|पूर्णा नदी}}
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image = File:Khadakpurna River Near Deulgaon Mahi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Purna river right after Khadakpurna Dam. The dam can be seen in distant.
| map =
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = [[Marathwada]]
| subdivision_type4 = District
| subdivision_name4 = [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]], [[Buldhana district|Buldana]], [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]], [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
| subdivision_type5 = City
| subdivision_name5 = [[Purna]]

| length = {{convert|373|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
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| source1 = Ajanta Range
| source1_location = [[Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary|Gautala Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Marathwada]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|20|33|N|75|19|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|838|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Godavari River]]
| mouth_location = Jambulbet, [[Parbhani district]], [[Marathwada]], [[Maharashtra]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|19|10|N|72|02|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|351|m|abbr=on}}
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|15579|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left = Kelana River, Damna River, Lendi River
| tributaries_right = Anjana River, Girija River, Dudhana River
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}}

The '''Purna River''' is a major left-bank tributary of [[Godavari River]] originating in the Ajanta Range<ref>[http://www.nih.ernet.in/rbis/basin%20maps/godavari/Purna.htm]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> of hills in [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra]].The river lies in the rain shadow region of [[Maharashtra]], on the [[Deccan Plateau]], flowing through the districts of [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Buldana District|Buldana]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]], [[Hingoli District|Hingoli]] and [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] with a large catchment area measuring about 15,579 km<sup>2</sup>. This enormous catchment area is often tagged as a sub-basin of [[Godavari River]] and along with its tributaries forms a dendritic drainage pattern.<ref>{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110406/http://www.jalna.nic.in/html/pdf/Apatti.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url=http://www.jalna.nic.in/html/pdf/Apatti.pdf | title=Jalna District Disaster Management Plan | publisher=Jalna District Disaster Management Plan | access-date=9 August 2019 }}</ref> It is a prime river in the [[Marathwada]] region of [[Maharashtra]] running for about 373 km before it confluences with [[Godavari River]] south of [[Purna]] city in the [[Parbhani District|Parbhani district]].

== Origin ==
The river originates in the Ajanta Hill range within the [[Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary|Gautala Wildlife Sanctuary]] at an elevation of 838m. The sanctuary provides the much needed forest cover acting like a sponge to soak in the 711 mm to 889 mm of rain received per year, a crucial source of water, in this rain scarce region of [[Maharashtra]].

== Course ==
The river has an extensive course measuring up to 373 km in length making it longer than the [[River Thames]] of [[Great Britain]]. Very close to its origin, it is dammed through the Nevpur Medium Irrigation Project<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Purna(Neopur)_Dam_D03045
|title=Purna (Neopur) Dam D03045
|publisher=India-WRIS
|access-date=2015-10-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131008/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Purna(Neopur)_Dam_D03045
|archive-date=4 March 2016
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> within the [[Kannad]] Taluka,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.mrsac.gov.in/sites/default/files/TH_ABD_Kannad.pdf
|title=Village Map, Taluka Kannad
|publisher=Maharashtra Remote Sensing Applications Centre
|access-date=2015-10-13
}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]]. Collecting the tributary Anjana within the Sillod taluka, it ends its short course within [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] and enters the [[Jalna district|Jalna]] where it is consecutively joined by two rivers, Girija at Walsakhalsa and Kelana at Jafrabad. Beyond this the river enters the [[Buldana district]] where it spreads out into the backwaters of the Khadakpurna dam and also receives another small tributary called Damna. Then on the river assumes the role of a natural boundary between the two districts of Hingoli and Parbhani. Along the course here its flow is interrupted by two dams; [[Yeldari Dam]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.maharashtradarshan.in/dams/yeldari-dam.html
|title=DAMS: Yeldari Dam
|website=Maharashtradarshan.in
|access-date=2015-10-13
}}</ref> - the second largest in [[Marathwada]] - which forms a large reservoir with live capacity of 0.81 billion cubic meters and [[Siddheshwar Dam]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf
|title = National Register of Large Dams-2009
|publisher = Central Water Commission
|access-date = 2015-10-13
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf
|archive-date = 2011-07-21
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> The flow, now considerably reduced due to the presence of the two dams, trickles along down south, leaving the boundary between Hingoli and Parbhani and flowing down into Parbhani. Just before SH 222 crosses the river, it is joined by its largest tributary - Dudhana River, thereby augmenting its flow. In its last lap the river flows through [[Purna]] city where it is damned for the last time and ultimately flows into the [[Godavari River]] at an elevation of about 351m.

== Tributaries ==
The longest tributary of Purna is Dudhana river. The list of the most significant tributaries is provided below, from the river that form a confluence nearest to the origin to the one furthest away.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Order !! Left Bank !! Taluka, District !! Right Bank
|-
| 1 ||---- || Silod, [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] || Anjana
|-
| 2 ||---- || Bhokardan, [[Jalna district|Jalna]] || Girija
|-
| 3 ||Kelana || Jafrabad, [[Jalna district|Jalna]] || ----
|-
| 4 ||Damna || Jafrabad, [[Jalna district|Jalna]] || ----
|-
| 5 ||Lendi || Jafrabad, [[Jalna district|Jalna]] || ----
|-
| 6 ||Aamna || [[Purna]], [[Deulgaon Raja District|Buldhana]] || ----
|-
| 7 ||---- || [[Purna]], [[Parbhani District|Parbhani]] || Dudhana

|}

==Dams==
The river has a number of significant dams built along its course in order to harness the water in this drought prone region.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 October 2015|title=This is the worst drought in the history of Marathwada: Atul Deulgaonkar|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/interview-this-is-the-worst-drought-in-the-history-of-marathwada-atul-deulgaonkar-2130577|access-date=13 December 2018|website=Dnaindia.com}}</ref> The second largest dam in Marathwada is the [[Yeldari Dam]], an earth fill type of structure nearly 51 m high with gross storage capacity of 0.934 billion cubic meters.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Yeldari_Dam_D03211 | title=Yeldari Dam D03211|website=India-wris.nrsc.goc.in | access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref> Khadakpurna and Siddheshwar are other dams located on the river.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Khadakpurna_Dam_D03024| title=Khadakpurna Dam D03024 |website=India-wris.nrsc.goc.in| access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref> The region relies heavily on these reservoirs<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/Water-levels-at-five-major-dams-in-Aurangabad-region-hit-dead-storage/articleshow/48219848.cms|title=Water levels at five major dams in Aurangabad region hit dead storage - Times of India|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> to meet the water requirements with delay or poor monsoon dramatically affecting the region resulting in droughts and abysmal agricultural productivity.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Godavari basin}}
{{Hydrography of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Rivers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Godavari River]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

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Purna River (tributary of Godavari)