https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=103.103.35.2Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-06T08:23:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jahandar_Shah&diff=123815Jahandar Shah2021-07-02T09:15:45Z<p>103.103.35.2: Name in Farsi</p>
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<div>{{refimprove|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{short description|Ninth Mughal Emperor}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Jahandar Shah <br> جهاندار شاه<br />
| title =<br />
| image = Jahandar Shah, Mughal Emperor..jpg<br />
| succession = 9th [[Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]]<br />
| reign = 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713<br />
| coronation = 29 March 1712 at [[Lahore]]<br />
| predecessor= [[Bahadur Shah I]]<br />
| successor = [[Farrukhsiyar]]<br />
| spouses = Sayyid-un-Nissa Begum<br/>[[Lal Kunwar]]<br/>Anup Bai<br/><br />
| issue = Izz-ud-Din Mirza<br/>[[Azz-ud-din Mirza]]<br/>[[Alamgir II]]<br/>Iffat Ara Begum<br/>Rabi Begum<br />
| full name = Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Muhammad Jahandar Shah Bahadur<br />
| dynasty = [[Mughal dynasty|Mughal]]<br />
| father =[[Bahadur Shah I]]<br />
| mother = [[Nizam Bai]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1661|05|09}}<br />
| birth_place =[[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1713|02|12|1661|05|09}}<br />
| death_place = [[Delhi]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| place of burial = [[Humayun's Tomb]]<br />
| religion = [[Islam]]<br />
|}}<br />
{{Mughal}}<br />
<br />
'''Mirza Muhammad Mu'izz-ud-Din''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|میرزا معزلدین محمد }}}} ;9 May 1661 – 12 February 1713),<ref>{{cite book|last=Nigam|first=S. B. P.|title=The Jahandarnamah of Nur- ud-rin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1zFuAAAAMAAJ|series=Journal of Indian History|volume=61|year=1983|publisher=Department of Modern Indian History|page=95}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Montgomery-Massingberd|first=Hugh|author-link=Hugh Massingberd|title=Burke's Royal Families of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnsUAQAAIAAJ|volume=II|year=1977|publisher=Burke's Peerage|isbn=978-0-85011-029-6|page=139}}</ref> more commonly known as '''Jahandar Shah''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|جهاندار شاه}}}}), was a [[Mughal Emperor]] who ruled for a brief period in 1712–1713. His full title was ''Shahanshah-i-Ghazi Abu'l Fath Mu'izz-ud-Din Muhammad Jahandar Shah Sahib-i-Qiran Padshah-i-Jahan (Khuld Aramgah)''.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}<br />
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==Early life==<br />
Prince Jahandar Shah was born in Deccan Subah to the later Emperor [[Bahadur Shah I]]. His mother was [[Nizam Bai]], the daughter of Fatehyawar Jang, a noble from [[Hyderabad]].<ref>Muni Lal, ''Mini Mughals'' (1989) p. 28</ref><br />
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Jahandar Shah was appointed as Vizier of [[Balkh]] in 1671 by his grandfather, [[Aurangzeb]]. When their father died on 27 February 1712, he and his brother, [[Azim-ush-Shan]], both declared themselves emperor and battled for succession. [[Azim-ush-Shan|Azim-us-Shan]] was killed on 17 March 1712, after which Jahandar Shah ruled for an additional eleven months. Before ascending the throne, Jahandar Shah sailed around the [[Indian Ocean]] and was a very prosperous trader. He was also appointed [[Subedar]] of [[Sindh]]. He fathered three sons, including [[Alamgir II|Aziz-ud-Din]], who reigned as [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor between 1754 and 1759.<br />
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==Reign==<br />
[[File:Lal Kunwar, by Indian School of the 18th century.jpg|thumb|right|Lal Kunwar]]<br />
[[File:Abd al-Samad Khan received by Jahandar Shah.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mughal Army]] commander [[Abdus Samad Khan Bahadur]] being received by Jahandar Shah]]<br />
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Jahandar Shah led a frivolous life, and his court was often enlivened by dancing and entertainment. He chose a favourite wife, [[Imtiaz Mahal|Lal Kunwar]], who was a mere [[Nautch|dancing girl]] before her elevation to the position of Queen Consort. Together they shocked the [[Mughal Empire]] and were even opposed by [[Aurangzeb]]'s surviving daughter, [[Zeenat-un-Nissa]].{{sfn|Sarkar|1947|p=152}}<br />
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His authority was rejected by the third [[Nawab of the Carnatic]], [[Muhammed Saadatullah Khan I]], who killed [[Desingh|De Singh]] of [[Orchha]], primarily due to the [[Nawab]]'s belief that he was the righteous commander of the [[Gingee Fort]]. Khan began a smear campaign referring to Jahandar Shah as an usurper to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] throne. To further strengthen his authority, Jahandar Shah sent gifts to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Sultan]] [[Ahmad III]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748|last=Farooqi|first=Naimur Rahman|date=1989-01-01|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli|language=en}}</ref><br />
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==Marriages==<br />
Jahandar Shah's first wife was the daughter of Mirza Mukarram Khan Safavi. The marriage took place on 13 October 1676.{{sfn|Sarkar|1947|p=93}} After her death he married her niece, Sayyid-un-nissa Begum, the daughter of Mirza Rustam. The marriage took place on 30 August 1684.{{sfn|Irvine|p=242}} Qazi Abu Sa'id united them in the presence of Emperor [[Aurangzeb]], and Prince Muhammad Muazzam (future [[Bahadur Shah I]]).{{sfn|Sarkar|1947|p=151}} The marriage was consummated on 18 September. Sayyid-un-nissa Begum was presented with jewels worth 67,000 rupees. The celebrations were supervised by Princess [[Zeenat-un-Nissa|Zinat-un-nissa Begum]].{{sfn|Sarkar|1947|p=152}}<br />
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His third wife was Anup Bai. She was the mother of Prince Muhammad Aziz-ud-din Mirza, born on 6 June 1699. She died at Delhi on 17 April 1735,{{sfn|Irvine|p=242}} nineteen years before her son's accession to the throne as Emperor [[Alamgir II]]. His fourth wife was [[Lal Kunwar]], the daughter of Khasusiyat Khan.{{sfn|Irvine|p=180}} Jahandar Shah was very fond of her, and after his accession to the throne, he gave her the title Imtiyaz Mahal.{{sfn|Irvine|p=242}}<br />
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==Death==<br />
[[File:Silver rupee coin of Jahandar Shah.jpg|thumb|Silver coin issued from Shahjahanabad, during the reign of Jahandar Shah.]]<br />
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He was defeated in the battle at [[Agra]] on 10 January 1713 by [[Farrukhsiyar]], his nephew and the second son of [[Azim-ush-Shan]], with the support of the [[Syed Brothers|Sayyid Brothers]]. He fled to [[Delhi]] where he was captured and handed over to the new Emperor, who confined him along with Lal Kunwar. He lived in confinement for a month, until 11 February 1713, when professional stranglers were sent to murder him.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}<br />
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==Coins==<br />
Jahandar Shah reintroduced couplets and issued coins in gold, silver, and copper. Two couplets i.e. Abu al-Fateh and Sahab Qiran were used. Copper coins were issued in both weight standard i.e. 20 grams and 14 grams.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}<br />
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<gallery style="text-align:center"><br />
Jahandar Shah, Silver Rupee, Khujista Bunyaad, AH1124 Ry.Ahd, Abu al-Fateh couplet.jpg|Silver Rupee of Abu al-Fateh couplet, Khujista Bunyaad, AH1124 Ry.Ahd<br />
Jahandar Shah, Rupee, Itawa, AH1124 Ry.Ahd, Sahab Qiran couplet.jpg|Silver Rupee of Sahab Qiran couplet, Itawa, AH1124 Ry.Ahd<br />
Jahandar Shah, AE Paisa, Surat, 20.2 grams.jpg|Copper paisa of 20.21 grams from Surat mint<br />
Jahandar Shah, AE Paisa, Surat, 13.85 grams.jpg|Copper paisa of 13.85 grams from Surat mint<br />
</gallery><br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==References==<br />
* {{cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar|title=Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History of Emperor Aurangzib-Alamgir (reign 1658-1707 AD) of Saqi Mustad Khan|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta|year=1947}} <br />
* {{cite book|title=The Later Mughals|author-link=William Irvine (historian)|first=William|last=Irvine|ISBN=8175364068|publisher=Low Price Publications}}<br />
{{Commons category|Jahandar Shah}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://www.zeno.ru/showgallery.php?cat=3294 Coin Gallery]<br />
*[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html Mughal dynasty]<br />
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{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-hou|[[Timurid dynasty]]||}}<br />
{{succession box|title=[[Mughal Emperor]]|before=[[Bahadur Shah I]]|after=[[Farrukhsiyar]]|years=1712–1713}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{Mughal Empire}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jahandar Shah}}<br />
[[Category:Mughal emperors]]<br />
[[Category:1661 births|Shah, Jahandar]]<br />
[[Category:1713 deaths|Shah, Jahandar]]<br />
[[Category:Murdered Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:18th-century murdered monarchs]]</div>103.103.35.2