List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

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Countries or territories by GDP (nominal) per capita in 2023
  >$60,000
  $50,000 - $60,000
  $40,000 - $50,000
  $30,000 - $40,000
  $20,000 - $30,000
  $10,000 - $20,000
  $5,000 - $10,000
  $2,500 - $5,000
  $1,000 - $2,500
  $500 - $1,000
  <$500
  No data

The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population.

GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living;[1][2] however, this is inaccurate because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income.

Comparisons of national income are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita). PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures.

Non-sovereign entities (the world, continents, and some dependent territories) and states with limited international recognition (such as Kosovo, Palestine, and Taiwan) are included in the list in cases in which they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison. In addition, non-sovereign entities are marked in italics.

Note that several leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions may be considered tax havens, and their GDP data subject to material distortion by tax planning activities. Examples include Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Luxembourg.[3]

All data are in current United States dollars. Historical data can be found here.

Table[edit]

The table initially ranks each country or territory with their latest available estimates, and can be reranked by either of the sources.

GDP (in USD) per capita by country (including  territories, and countries not included in the IMF report )
Country/Territory UN Region IMF[4][5] World Bank[6] United Nations[7]
Estimate Year Estimate Year Estimate Year
 Monaco Europe N/A 234,316 2021 234,317 2021
 Liechtenstein Europe N/A 157,755 2020 169,260 2021
 Luxembourg Europe 132,372 2023 133,590 2021 133,745 2021
 Ireland Europe 114,581 2023 100,172 2021 101,109 2021
 Bermuda Americas N/A 114,090 2021 112,653 2021
 Norway Europe 101,103 2023 89,154 2021 89,242 2021
 Switzerland Europe 98,767 2023 91,992 2021 93,525 2021
 Singapore Asia 91,100 2023 72,794 2021 66,822 2021
 Isle of Man Europe N/A 87,158 2019 N/A
 Cayman Islands Americas N/A 86,569 2021 85,250 2021
 Qatar Asia 83,891 2023 66,838 2021 66,799 2021
 United States Americas 80,034 2023 70,249 2021 69,185 2021
 Iceland Europe 75,180 2023 68,728 2021 69,133 2021
 Channel Islands Europe N/A 75,153 2007 N/A
 Faroe Islands Europe N/A 69,010 2021 N/A
 Denmark Europe 68,827 2023 68,008 2021 68,037 2021
 Australia Oceania 64,964 2023 60,443 2021 66,916 2021
 Netherlands Europe 61,098 2023 57,768 2021 57,871 2021
 Greenland Americas N/A 54,571 2020 58,185 2021
 Austria Europe 56,802 2023 53,638 2021 53,840 2021
 Israel Asia 55,535 2023 52,171 2021 54,111 2021
 Sweden Europe 55,395 2023 61,029 2021 60,730 2021
 Finland Europe 54,351 2023 53,655 2021 53,703 2021
 Belgium Europe 53,377 2023 51,247 2021 51,166 2021
 San Marino Europe 52,949 2023 45,320 2020 50,425 2021
 Canada Americas 52,722 2023 51,988 2021 52,112 2021
 Hong Kong Asia 52,429 2023 49,801 2021 49,259 2021
 Germany Europe 51,383 2023 51,204 2021 51,073 2021
 Macau Asia 50,571 2023 43,874 2021 43,555 2021
 United Arab Emirates Asia 49,451 2023 44,316 2021 43,295 2021
 British Virgin Islands Americas N/A N/A 49,444 2021
 New Zealand Oceania 48,826 2023 48,781 2021 48,824 2021
 United Kingdom Europe 46,371 2023 46,510 2021 46,542 2021
 France Europe 44,408 2023 43,659 2021 44,229 2021
 Andorra Europe 44,387 2023 42,137 2021 42,066 2021
 European Union[n 1] Europe 39,940 2023 38,411 2021 31,875 [8]2021
 US Virgin Islands Americas N/A 39,552 2020 N/A
 Puerto Rico Americas 38,567 2023 32,641 2021 32,716 2021
 New Caledonia Oceania N/A 37,160 2021 34,994 2021
 Malta Europe 36,989 2023 33,487 2021 33,642 2021
 Italy Europe 36,812 2023 35,658 2021 35,579 2021
 Guam Oceania N/A 35,905 2021 N/A
 Bahamas Americas 35,458 2023 27,478 2021 27,478 2021
 Japan Asia 35,385 2023 39,313 2021 39,650 2021
 Brunei Asia 35,103 2023 31,449 2021 31,449 2021
 Taiwan Asia 33,907 [n 2]2023 N/A N/A
 Cyprus Asia 33,807 [n 3]2023 31,552 [n 3]2021 32,281 [n 3]2021
 Kuwait Asia 33,646 2023 24,300 2020 32,150 2021
 South Korea Asia 33,393 2023 34,998 2021 34,940 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 33,094 2023 29,342 2021 29,342 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 32,214 2023 29,291 2021 29,135 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 31,368 2023 26,821 2021 26,809 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 31,223 2023 30,104 2021 30,058 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 31,209 2023 27,944 2021 27,991 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 29,922 2023 23,186 2021 23,186 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 28,385 2023 26,563 2021 26,563 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 28,094 2023 23,723 2021 23,844 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A 28,988 2018 26,199 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 26,012 2023 24,568 2021 24,651 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 25,136 2023 21,148 2021 21,267 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania N/A 23,707 2019 N/A
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 23,457 2023 21,392 2021 21,390 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 22,595 2023 20,193 2021 20,571 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 21,960 2023 19,510 2021 19,509 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A 21,921 2014 N/A
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 21,677 2023 17,313 2021 17,313 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 21,085 2023 17,226 2021 17,225 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A 20,909 2021 20,909 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 20,539 2023 9,999 2021 9,999 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 20,537 2023 17,685 2021 16,983 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania N/A 19,915 2021 19,915 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 19,912 2023 18,000 2021 17,736 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 19,858 2023 16,033 2021 16,033 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 19,536 2023 14,653 2021 12,085 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 19,385 2023 18,728 2021 18,728 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania N/A N/A 19,264 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A N/A 19,216 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 18,530 2023 14,858 2021 14,698 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 18,244 2023 15,781 2021 15,246 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 17,856 2023 18,083 2021 18,083 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 17,827 2023 16,265 2021 16,265 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A 17,718 2021 14,183 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 17,626 2023 10,366 2021 10,366 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 17,350 2023 14,618 2021 14,618 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A N/A 16,199 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania N/A 15,743 2021 N/A
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 14,893 2023 12,222 2021 12,207 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 14,804 2023 12,084 2021 12,084 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 14,733 2023 12,472 2021 12,472 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 14,403 2023 12,195 2021 12,259 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 13,721 [n 4]2023 12,556 [n 5]2021 12,437 [n 4]2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 13,709 2023 10,636 2021 10,761 2021
 World 13,440 2023 12,235 2021 12,230 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 13,382 2023 11,109 2021 11,101 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 13,065 2023 7,345 2019 8,508 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 12,673 2023 10,046 2021 10,046 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 12,306 2023 10,374 2021 10,055 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 12,264 2023 9,414 2021 9,824 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 11,931 2023 9,661 2021 9,661 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 11,825 2023 10,648 2021 12,390 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 11,548 2023 9,106 2021 8,873 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 11,308 2023 8,477 2021 8,477 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 11,289 2023 9,466 2021 9,252 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas N/A 9,499 2020 11,255 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 11,137 2023 9,011 2021 8,950 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 10,849 2023 9,230 2021 8,643 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 9,777 2023 7,507 2021 7,605 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 9,673 2023 7,507 2021 7,507 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 9,359 2023 8,666 2021 8,440 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 9,294 2023 8,635 2021 7,911 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 9,144 2023 7,653 2021 7,571 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 8,223 2023 7,143 2021 7,143 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 8,181 2023 7,066 2021 7,067 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 8,007 2023 4,967 2021 4,967 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 7,944 2023 7,302 2021 7,121 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 7,772 2023 6,622 2021 6,622 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 7,600 [n 6]2023 5,023 [n 6]2021 4,975 [n 6]2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 7,384 2023 6,695 2021 6,600 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 7,270 2023 6,805 2021 6,805 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 7,058 2023 6,493 2021 6,396 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 7,017 2023 6,228 2021 6,229 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 6,763 2023 6,357 2021 5,791 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 6,757 2023 5,388 2021 5,296 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 6,642 2023 5,965 2021 5,965 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 6,485 2023 7,055 2021 7,055 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 6,417 2023 6,104 2021 6,104 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 6,342 [n 7]2023 5,231 [n 7]2021 4,468 [n 7]2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 6,282 2023 5,184 2021 5,184 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 6,180 2023 4,775 2021 4,686 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 6,007 2023 5,632 2021 5,370 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 5,887 2023 4,647 2021 4,647 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 5,667 2023 5,892 2021 6,035 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 5,641 2023 5,270 2021 5,663 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 5,556 2023 4,869 2021 5,259 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 5,421 2023 4,426 2021 4,451 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 5,358 2023 5,026 2021 4,883 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 5,308 2023 4,551 2021 4,551 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 5,164 2023 6,172 2021 6,111 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 5,100 2023 4,866 2021 4,836 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 5,048 2023 4,103 2021 4,058 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 5,016 2023 4,333 2021 4,333 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 4,814 2023 4,566 2021 4,510 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Europe 4,654 [n 8]2023 4,836 [n 8]2021 4,596 [n 8]2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 4,481 2023 3,691 2021 3,700 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 4,475 2023 3,757 2021 3,756 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 4,436 2023 3,857 2021 3,919 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 4,336 2023 3,571 2021 3,573 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 4,278 2023 3,293 2021 3,293 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 4,251 2023 4,091 2021 6,766 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 4,146 2023 3,978 2021 3,969 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 3,589 2020 4,136 2021 6,785 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 4,071 2023 3,807 2021 3,807 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 3,905 2023 3,461 2021 3,461 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 3,802 2023 3,150 2021 3,348 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 3,800 2023 3,345 2021 3,345 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 3,748 2023 3,795 2021 3,853 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 3,644 2023 3,699 2021 3,898 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 3,640 2023 15,976 2014 3,965 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 3,517 2023 2,673 2021 2,673 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 3,506 [n 9]2023 3,664 [n 9]2021 3,514 [n 10]2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 3,497 2023 3,266 2021 3,063 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 3,362 2022 4,014 2021 3,918 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 3,278 2023 2,772 2021 2,772 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 3,204 2023 1,954 2021 2,258 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 3,188 2023 2,997 2021 3,073 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,695 2023 2,361 2021 2,486 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,646 2023 2,549 2021 2,539 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 2,601 2023 2,257 2021 2,274 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 2,589 2023 2,046 2021 2,046 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,584 2023 2,290 2021 2,200 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 2,563 2023 1,983 2021 2,032 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,475 2023 2,166 2021 2,166 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 2,469 2023 2,458 2021 2,450 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 2,299 2023 2,305 2021 2,306 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,280 2023 2,066 2021 2,019 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,269 2023 2,082 2021 2,082 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Americas 2,173 2023 1,830 2021 1,664 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 2,024 2023 2,363 2021 2,409 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Oceania 1,989 2023 1,607 2021 1,765 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,896 2023 1,625 2021 1,608 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,858 2023 2,536 2021 2,569 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,851 2023 1,774 2021 1,508 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,736 2023 1,277 2021 1,339 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,719 2023 1,637 2021 1,637 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,699 2023 1,667 2021 1,668 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,658 2022 1,505 2021 1,480 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,549 2023 1,189 2021 1,185 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,475 2023 925 2021 825 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,425 2023 2,741 2021 1,517 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,423 2023 1,137 2021 1,095 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,390 2023 1,319 2021 1,361 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,377 2023 1,208 2021 1,159 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,360 2023 1,578 2021 1,631 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,348 2023 1,099 2021 1,136 [n 11]2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,277 2023 897 2021 897 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa N/A N/A 1,211 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,208 2023 1,094 2021 1,040 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 1,180 2023 1,210 2021 1,089 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 1,105 2023 884 2021 930 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 990 2023 973 2021 944 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 975 2023 752 2021 786 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 974 2023 795 2021 759 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 970 2023 822 2021 822 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia N/A 533 2020 925 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 900 2023 893 2021 893 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 889 2023 874 2021 875 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 861 2023 772 2021 772 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 805 2023 676 2021 471 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 715 2023 644 2011 623 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 695 2023 577 2021 551 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 667 2023 686 2021 955 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia N/A N/A 654 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 613 2023 591 2021 591 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 587 2023 492 2021 492 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 573 2023 702 2018 302 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 544 2023 447 2021 447 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 536 2023 501 2021 500 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 534 2023 461 2021 461 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 496 2023 635 2021 613 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 467 2023 1,072 2015 400 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 415 2023 480 2021 505 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Asia 611 2020 369 2021 373 2021
Lua error: too many expensive function calls. Africa 249 2023 222 2021 311 2021

Notes:

Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens[edit]

Many of the leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions are tax havens whose economic data is artificially inflated by tax-driven corporate accounting entries.

For instance, the Irish GDP data above is subject to material distortion by the tax planning activities of foreign multinationals in Ireland. To address this, in 2017 the Central Bank of Ireland created "modified GNI" (or GNI*) as a more appropriate statistic, and the OECD and IMF have adopted it for Ireland. 2015 Irish GDP is 143% of 2015 Irish GNI*.

A stunning $12 trillion—almost 40 percent of all foreign direct investment positions globally—is completely artificial: it consists of financial investment passing through empty corporate shells with no real activity. These investments in empty corporate shells almost always pass through well-known tax havens. The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 percent of the world’s investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.

— "Piercing the Veil", International Monetary Fund, June 2018[9]

Further discussion on this topic can be found in the List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita article.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. The European Union is included because it is far more than a free trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur. It has certain attributes associated with independent countries: its own flag, anthem, currency (for some members), parliament and other law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy when dealing with external partners. However, because the EU is an organization and not a sovereign state, it does not receive a ranking in this list.
  2. The name used by the IMF is the "Taiwan Province of China".
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Data are for the area controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Figures for China exclude Taiwan, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
  5. Figures exclude special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Excludes data for Transnistria.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Figures exclude the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.
  9. 9.0 9.1 The name used by the IMF and World Bank is the "West Bank and Gaza"
  10. The name used by the UN is the "State of Palestine".
  11. The UN figure excludes autonomous region of Zanzibar.

References[edit]

  1. O'Sullivan, Arthur
  2. French President seeks alternatives to GDP, The Guardian 14-09-2009.
    "European Parliament, Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy: Beyond GDP Study" (PDF). (1.47 MB)
  3. Richard Phillips; Matt Gardner; Alexandria Robins; Michelle Surka (2017). "Offshore Shell Games 2017" (PDF). Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.
  4. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  5. "IMF DataMapper / Datasets / World Economic Outlook (April 2023) / GDP per capita, current prices / List (2023) - Analytical group: European Union, World". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  6. "GDP per capita (current US$)". World Development Indicators. The World Bank. Retrieved 14 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. [1], (Select all countries, "GDP, Per Capita GDP - US Dollars", and "2021" to generate the table), United Nations Statistics Division. Access date: 12 February 2023.
  8. United Nations Statistics Division - National Accounts - Basic Data Selection, unstats.un.org. Manually select the 27 member states, the latest available year (2020) and the parameter "GDP, Per Capita GDP - US Dollars", then press "Send request" to generate the table. Export the table as an Excel file ("Export to .xlsx" button), where you can use the Average formula to determine the GDP per capita at EU level. United Nations. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  9. "Piercing the Veil, FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT, JUNE 2018, VOL. 55, NO. 2". IMF Finance & Development. June 2018.

External links[edit]

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