Indian Institute of Science

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Not to be confused with Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research.

Indian Institute of Science
File:Indian Institute of Science 2019 logo.svg
TypePublic research university
Established1909; 115 years ago (1909)
FoundersJamsetji Tata
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV
AffiliationACU;[1] UGC; AIU, NAAC
Budget₹991 crore (US$140 million) (2021–2022)[2]
DirectorGovindan Rangarajan[3]
Academic staff
525[4]
Administrative staff
354[4]
Students3,842[4]
Undergraduates453[4]
Postgraduates947[4]
2,737[4]
Location
Bengaluru
,
Karnataka
,
560012
,
India
CampusUrban
Websitewww.iisc.ac.in

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, in the Indian state of Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the "Tata Institute".[5] It was granted the deemed to be university status in 1958 and the Institute of Eminence status in 2018.

History

Directors[6]
Jamsetji Tata, founder

After an accidental meeting between Jamsetji Tata and Swami Vivekananda, on a ship in 1893 where they discussed Tata's plan of bringing the steel industry to India, Tata wrote to Vivekananda five years later: "I trust, you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your voyage from Japan to Chicago. I very much recall at this moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in India... I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme of Research Institute of Science for India, of which you have doubtless heard or read."[10][11]

Impressed by Vivekananda's views on science and leadership abilities, Tata wanted him to guide his campaign. Vivekananda endorsed the project with enthusiasm, and Tata, with the aim of advancing the scientific capabilities of the country, constituted a Provisional Committee to prepare a plan for setting up of an Institute of research and higher education. The committee presented a draft proposal to Lord Curzon on 31 December 1898.[12] Subsequently, Sir William Ramsay, a Nobel Laureate, was called on to propose a suitable place for such an institution who suggested Bangalore as the best location.

The land and other facilities for the institution were donated on behalf of the State of Mysore by Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, and Tata himself. The State of Mysore donated about 371 acres (150 ha)[13] of land. (now valued about Rs 400 billion). Tata gave several buildings towards the creation of IISc. State of Mysore also contributed Rs 500000 (now valued 12.5 million) towards capital expenditure and Rs 50000 (now valued 1.25 million) for annual expense.[14] The 7th Nizam of Hyderabad- Mir Osman Ali Khan also contributed in terms of money which amounted to 3 lakh Rupees over a period of 31 years.[15]

The constitution of the institute was approved by the Viceroy, Lord Minto, and the necessary Vesting Order to enable it to function was signed on 27 May 1909.[16] Early in 1911, the Maharaja of Mysore laid the foundation stone of the institute, and on 24 July, the first batch of students were admitted to the Departments of General and Applied Chemistry under Norman Rudolf and Electro-Technology under Alferd Hay. Within two months, the Department of Organic Chemistry was opened. In 1958 the institute was granted the deemed university status by the UGC.[17]

At the time of the inception of IISc in 1909, Morris Travers, Sir William Ramsay's co-worker in the discovery of the noble gases, became its first Director. For Travers, this was a natural continuation of his work on the institute, since he had played a role in its founding. The first Indian Director was the Nobel Laureate Sir C.V. Raman.[16]

The institute was the first to introduce Masters programs in Engineering. It has also started integrated doctoral programs in Biological, Chemical, Physical and Mathematical Sciences for natural science graduates.[12]

In 2018, IISc was one of the first six institutes to be awarded the Institute of Eminence status.[18] In 2019, IISc launched its brand statement: "Discover and Innovate; Transform and Transcend; Serve and Lead".[19]

Campus

The IISc campus is located in the north of Bangalore, about 6 kilometers from Bangalore City Railway Station and Kempegowda Bus Station, on the way to Yeshwantpur. The institute is about 35 kilometers from Kempegowda International Airport. A number of other research institutes, Raman Research Institute, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Wood Research Institute and Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), are close to IISc. Most of these institutes are connected to IISc by a regular shuttle bus service.[20] The campus houses more than 40 departments marked by routes such as the Gulmohar Marg, the Mahogany Marg, the Badami Marg, the Tala Marg, the Ashoka Marg, the Nilgiri Marg, the Silver Oak Marg, the Amra Marg and the Arjuna Marg. The institute is fully residential and is spread over 400 acres of land in the heart of Bangalore city.[21] The campus features six canteens (cafeterias), a gymkhana (gymnasium and sports complex), a football ground and a cricket ground, four dining messes (halls), one multi cuisine restaurant, nine men's and five women's hostels (dormitories), an air strip, a library, two shopping centers and residences of the faculty members and other staff, besides other amenities.

The IISc campus harbors both exotic and indigenous plant species with about 110 species of woody plants.[22] The roads on the campus are named after the dominant avenue tree species.[23]

The architecture of the main building, which today houses the administration and the Faculty Hall, is classical in style, fronted by a grey, handsome tower. In front of it stands the work of Gilbert Bayes, a monument erected in the memory of J. N. Tata. At its feet is an inscription that serves to remind future generations of the generosity of Jamsetji Tata and the persistence with which he worked for the welfare of India. The building, as one of the prominent landmarks of Bangalore, was designed by C. F. Stevens and Company of Bombay in 1912–13.[24]

The buildings for the metallurgy and aerospace departments were designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in 1940.[25]

A second campus is in Challakere, on 1,500 acres (6.1 km2) lot of land. Infrastructure developed here includes the Talent Development Centre, Skill Development Centre funded by HAL under CSR Act, Solar Power Research Center and a Climate Observatory. The Centre for Sustainable Technologies has commenced its activities here under the project "C-BELT" i.e., the Centre for Bio-energy and Low-Carbon Technologies.[26]

Organisation and administration

Academic divisions, departments, and centres

For academic purposes, departments and centres in the Institute are broadly assigned to either the Science Faculty or the Engineering Faculty.[27] For administrative purposes (such as faculty recruitment, assessment and promotion), departments and centres are classified into six divisions, each headed by a chairperson. Each department or centre is administered by a chairperson.

Division Departments, Centres, and Units
Biological Sciences
  • Department of Biochemistry
  • Central Animal Facility
  • Centre for Ecological Sciences
  • Centre for Infectious Disease Research
  • Centre for Neuroscience
  • Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biophysics Unit
  • Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
Chemical Sciences
  • Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Research Centre
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Centre
  • Department of Organic Chemistry
  • Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
Physical and Mathematical Sciences
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics Programme
  • Centre for Cryogenic Technology
  • Centre for High Energy Physics
  • Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics
  • Department of Mathematics
  • Department of Physics
Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Sciences
  • Department of Computer Science and Automation
  • Department of Electrical Communication Engineering
  • Department of Electrical Engineering
  • Department of Electronic Systems Engineering
Mechanical Sciences
  • Department of Aerospace Engineering
  • Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
  • Centre for Earth Sciences
  • Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing
  • Centre for Sustainable Technologies
  • Department of Chemical Engineering
  • Department of Civil Engineering
  • Divecha Centre for Climate Change
  • Department of Materials Engineering
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering
Interdisciplinary Research
  • Centre for Infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning
  • Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering
  • Centre for Contemporary Studies
  • Centre for Nano Science and Engineering
  • Department of Computational and Data Sciences
  • Department of Management Studies
  • Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research
  • Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research
  • Interdisciplinary Mathematical Science
  • Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems
  • Supercomputer Education and Research Centre

The following centres are directly under the director (without a divisional chairman):[27]

  • Archives and Publication Cell
  • Centre for Continuing Education
  • Center for Counseling and Support
  • Centre for Scientific & Industrial Consultancy
  • Centre for Sponsored Schemes and Projects
  • Digital Campus and IT Services Office
  • J. R. D. Tata Memorial Library
  • Office of Communications
  • Office of Development and Alumni Affairs
  • Office of Intellectual Property and Technology Licensing
  • Office of International Relations
  • Skill Development Centre
  • Talent Development Centre

Autonomous Societies and Centres based in the Institute:[28]

  • Advanced Bioresidue Energy Technologies Society
  • Centre for Brain Research
  • Society for Innovation and Development

Academics

Academic programs

Doctoral degree programs

Research students constitute more than 70% of the students on the campus. PhD degrees offered in 40 different disciplines.[29] Research programs leading to doctoral degrees are the main thrust in many departments.[16] The program has a limited amount of course work, essentially to prepare the student to carry out the research, but the main emphasis is on the thesis work.[30][31][32] The annual intake of research students is approximately 250 with several candidates sponsored from educational institutions and industries.[33] The research students constitute the largest group (50%) on the campus.[33]

Inside IISC Campus

The Integrated PhD program is designed to offer opportunities to 3-year BSc graduates for pursuing advanced research in areas of biological, chemical, mathematical, and physical Sciences, leading to the PhD degree.

Masters degree programs

The two-year MTech program is available in almost all engineering departments. Most MTech programs have a set of hard core courses specified as an essential requirement whereas students can take rest of the credits from many courses available in their parent or other departments and also do a dissertation work on the topic of their choice.

Master's degrees offered by the institute are classified into two categories: degrees by coursework (MTech, M.Mgt., and M.Des.) and degrees by research [MTech (research)].

The Department of Management Studies offers a Master of Management program exclusively for engineering graduates. The Center for Product Design and Manufacturing[34] offers the Master of Design (M.Des.) course. Started in 1996, the M.Des. program is a two-year, full-time postgraduate program.

Bachelors degree programme

An undergraduate programme in science for students after Class XII was conceived during the Centenary Celebrations in 2009. The first batch of students was admitted in 2011. The program offers a four-year Bachelor of Science (Research) and a five-year integrated Master of Science course in six disciplines: Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Material Science, Mathematics, and Physics. The course aims at exposing the students to the inter-disciplinary nature in which scientific research is done in many upcoming fields.[35][36]

J. R. D. Tata Memorial Library

Apart from the main library, the institute also has independent departmental libraries. The library moved into the present premises in January 1965, built out of grants provided by University Grants Commission (UGC), in commemoration of the golden jubilee celebrations of the Institute in 1959. In 1995, the library was renamed as "J. R. D. Tata Memorial Library". The National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM) has recognised this library as Regional Center for Mathematics for the south region and continued to award a special grant towards subscription of Journals in Mathematics.

The annual budget of the library is over Rs. 100 million[37] (almost US$2,500,000) of which subscription towards periodicals alone is about Rs. 90 million. The library currently receives over 1,734 periodical titles, of which 1381 are subscribed, while the remaining titles are received as gratis or on an exchange basis. About 600 titles are accessible through the library subscription. In addition, over 10,000 journals are accessible online, thanks to INDEST subscription. The total holdings of the library exceed 411,000 documents.

Central computing facility

The Computer Centre, established in 1970 as a central computing facility, became Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC) in 1990 to provide computing facility to the faculty and students of the institute. SERC was created and fully funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India to commemorate the platinum jubilee of the institute. It houses India's first petascale supercomputer Cray XC40, the erstwhile fastest supercomputer in India.[38][39]

Apart from functioning as a central computing facility of IISc, the SERC is engaged in education and research programs in areas relating to supercomputer development and application. The centre is also involved in several sponsored research projects in collaboration with several high-profile government and private agencies.

Academic and industrial collaborations

The Indian Institute of Science collaborates with various government organisations like the Indian Ordnance Factories, DRDO, the ISRO, Bharat Electronics Limited, Aeronautical Development Agency, National Aerospace Laboratories, CSIR, Department of IT (Government of India), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, etc. IISc also works in collaboration with private industry and research labs. A few organisations have been incubated by the Society for Innovation and Development (SID) on campus, including Morphing Machines and SandI, while Gamma Porite is currently under incubation. IISc actively promotes and supports ventures by the faculty, the students and alumni. Strand Life Sciences and Ittiam are some success stories of this initiative. In March 2016, a science start-up, incubated at the IISc, built the world's first food-grade DNA/RNA stain. This might cut the time taken to diagnose conditions such as HIV to a day, from 45 days at present.[40]

Rankings

Template:Infobox university rankings QS World University rankings ranked IISc second in the world in terms of citations per faculty,[41][42][43] IISc was ranked 301–350 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2021, the top institute in India, as well as 36th in the 2020 Asia University Rankings.[44] The 2021 QS World University Rankings ranked IISc 185th in the world, as well as 51 in Asia University Rankings and 10th among BRICS nations.[45] In 2020, it is ranked 530th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[46] The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it 401–500 in the world in 2020.[47] It was ranked top university in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework university ranking for 2021.[48] It was also ranked first in India in the newly introduced research category for 2021.[49]

Student life

Events

Pravega is the annual science, technology and cultural festival of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Started in 2013 by the undergraduates of IISc, the fest is usually held on the third weekend of January.[50] Vijyoshi, an annual national science camp for secondary school and undergraduate students, is hosted by IISc.[51]

IISc also has active sports teams, major ones being in cricket, football, badminton and volleyball. They participate each year in the IISM (inter IISER sports meet) and a number of other tournaments and events.[52]

Alumni associations

IISc has a parent alumni association (AA) in Bangalore[53] and several branches elsewhere including USA (IISCAANA).[54] Of recent parent association is involved in several disputes.[55] One of the reasons appears to be efforts by some to allow Non-IISc degree holders to become a part of the AA. Similar situation is created in IISCAANA by allowing several non-IISc members to be active in the team. IIScAANA allows those who did not complete degree to become members by adding a clause 'completed at least one semester of course work in IISc'[56] for membership eligibility.

December 2005 terror attack

Main article: 2005 Indian Institute of Science shooting

On 28 December 2005, two terrorists started firing indiscriminately inside the IISc campus. Munish Chander Puri, a professor from IIT Delhi, died in the attack. Four others were injured.[57][58]

Noted people

Notable alumni

Dr. K. Sivan Chairman of ISRO
Sudha Murthy, Chairman of Infosys Foundation
R Chidambaram, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India

Notable faculty

Two former directors, C. V. Raman and C. N. R. Rao, have been awarded India's highest civilian honour Bharat Ratna.[119] Four former directors, Sir A. G. Bourne, Sir Martin O. Forster, C. V. Raman and J. C. Ghosh, have been knighted.[120][121] Among the IISc alumni, there are three Rhodes Scholars, several Fellows of the Royal Society, and thousands of members of Indian and foreign Academy of Sciences. Hundreds of IISc faculty members have also received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology awarded to Indians who have made outstanding contributions under 45 years of age. In spite of these achievements, no alumnus or serving faculty member of IISc has won either a Nobel Prize or a Fields Medal, although C. V. Raman did win a Nobel Prize before becoming the institute's first Indian director.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Association of Commonwealth Universities Membars-Asia". Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  2. ↑ https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe59.pdf
  3. ↑ "IISC APPOINTS PROF GOVINDAN RANGARAJAN AS NEW DIRECTOR". Bangalore Mirror. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "IISc in Numbers". Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  5. ↑ "Our Heritage" (PDF). Pursuit and Promotion of Science. Indian Institute of Science. p. 18. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Revised (2008). "Indian Institute of Science Archives". Archives and Publications Cell, IISc, Bangalore. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013.
  7. ↑ "Indian Institute of Science: The First Hundred Years" (PDF). IISC. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  8. ↑ "The Hindu: An institution builder". Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. ↑ "Indian Academy of Sciences — Prof. S. Ramaseshan". Ias.ac.in. 10 October 1923. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  10. ↑ "President's Address at the Integrity India Campaign by the CII at Coimbatore". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 19 December 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  11. ↑ Gandhi, Divya (4 June 2007). "Story of IISc to be relived through an archives cell". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "A Historical Perspective". Indian Institute of Science. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  13. ↑ [1] Archived 30 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ↑ https://www.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ORIGIN.pdf <\ref> "Science with a soul". Tata Group. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  15. ↑ "Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education". telanganatoday. 27 March 2017.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Warrier, BS (30 January 2012). "The IISc stamp on science research". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
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  18. ↑ "Government declares 6 educational 'Institutions of Eminence'; 3 Institutions from Public Sector and 3 from Private Sector shortlisted". pib.gov.in (Press release). Ministry of Human Resource Development. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
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  29. ↑ Research Programmes, http://www.iisc.ac.in/admissions/research-programmes/
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