Chief Justice of India
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The Chief Justice of India (IAST: Bhārat kē Mukhya Nyāyādhīśa) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India as well as the highest-ranking official of the Indian Judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint, in consultation with the outgoing chief justice, the next chief justice, who will serve until they reach the age of sixty-five or on completion of three years, whichever is sooner. Chief Justice of India can be impeached from service by the President of India on advice of the Parliament of India. As per convention, the name suggested by the incumbent chief justice is almost always the next senior most judge in the Supreme Court.
| Chief Justice of India | |
|---|---|
| Bhārat kē Mukhya Nyāyādhīśa | |
 Emblem of the SCI | |
 | |
| Supreme Court | |
| Type | Chief Justice |
| Status | Presiding Judge |
| Abbreviation | CJI |
| Residence | 5, Krishna Menon Marg, Sunehri Bagh, New Delhi, India[1] |
| Seat | Supreme Court of India, New Delhi, India |
| Nominator | Outgoing Chief Justice of India on the basis of Seniority |
| Appointer | President of India |
| Term length | Until the age of 65[2] |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of India (under Article 124) |
| Formation | 28 January 1950 |
| First holder | H. J. Kania (1950–1951)[3] |
| Salary | ₹280,000 (US$3,900) (per month)[4] |
| Website | sci.gov.in |
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However this convention has been broken twice. In 1973, Justice A. N. Ray was appointed superseding three senior judges. Also, in 1977 Justice Mirza Hameedullah Beg was appointed as the chief justice superseding Justice Hans Raj Khanna.
As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches which deal with important matters of law.[5] In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme Court Rules of Procedure of 1966, the chief justice allocates all work to the other judges who are bound to refer the matter back to them (for re-allocation) in any case where they require it to be looked into by a larger bench of more judges.
On the administrative side, the chief justice carries out functions of maintenance of the roster, appointment of court officials and general and miscellaneous matters relating to the supervision and functioning of the Supreme Court.
The 50th and present chief justice is Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud. He was sworn in as the 50th chief justice of India on 9 November 2022.[6]
AppointmentEdit
As the incumbent chief justice approaches retirement, the Ministry of Law and Justice seeks a recommendation from the incumbent chief justice. Consultations with other judges might also take place. The recommendation is then presented to the prime minister, who passes the advice on to the president.[7]
RemovalEdit
Article 124(4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to chief justices as well. Once appointed, the chief justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. There is no fixed tenure provided in the constitution.[citation needed] He can be removed only through a process of removal by Parliament as follows:
A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.
— Article 124(4), Constitution of India, [8]
Acting presidentEdit
The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969[9][sentence fragment] specifies that the Chief Justice of India shall act as the President of India in the event of the offices of both the president and the vice president being vacant. When President Zakir Hussain died in office, Vice President V. V. Giri, acted as the president. Later, Giri resigned as the vice president. The chief justice, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah then became the acting president of India. As per the convention, the senior most judge of the Supreme Court became the acting chief justice. When the newly elected president took office a month later, Justice Hidayatullah reverted as the chief justice of India.
List of chief justices of IndiaEdit
RemunerationEdit
The Constitution of India gives the power of deciding remuneration as well as other conditions of service of the chief justice to the Parliament of India. Accordingly, such provisions have been laid down in The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958.[10][11] This remuneration was revised in 2006–2008, after the sixth Central Pay Commission's recommendation.[12] According to Seventh pay commission in 2016 the salary is revised[13]
2018 crisisEdit
In 2018, in an unprecedented act, four supreme court justices spoke out against the then Chief Justice Dipak Misra. Though the chief justice's powers and duties have been considered equivalent to the other justices of the Supreme Court, under Misra, the court established the chief justice as the "Master of Roster" and pronounced that the chief justice "alone has the prerogative to constitute the benches of the court and allocate cases to the benches so constituted" even if the case involved accusations against the chief justice themselves, thus creating the provision to violate the in causa sua principle of natural justice.[14][needs update]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ "Delhi confidential: Mutual Praise". 24 August 2021.
- ↑ "Supreme Court of India - CJI & Sitting Judges". Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ↑ "Supreme Court of India Retired Hon'ble the Chief Justices' of India". Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ↑ "Supreme Court, High Court judges get nearly 200% salary hike". The Hindustan Times. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ↑ Saxena, Namit (23 December 2016). "New Captain Of The Ship, Change In Sailing Rules Soon?". Live Law. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ↑ "Justice 🖕🏿 sworn C. Virupaksha Reddy in as 50th Chief Justice of India". The Hindu. PTI. 9 November 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ Ministry of Law and Justice, Department Of Justice. "MEMORANDUM SHOWING THE PROCEDURE FOR APPOINTMENT OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA AND JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA" (PDF).
- ↑ "Article 124, Constitution of India". Vakilno1.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
- ↑ "President Discharge of Functions Act 1969 Complete Act - Citation 134059 - Bare Act | LegalCrystal".
- ↑ "The High Court and Supreme Court Judges Salaries and Conditions of Service Amendment Bill 2008" (PDF). PRS India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ↑ "Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act 1958" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ↑ Archived copy (PDF). 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Pay, Allowance and Pension | Department of Justice | India". Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ↑ Dev, Atul. "Dipak Misra's shadow over the Supreme Court". The Caravan. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.