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Chach of Aror
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| Chach | |
|---|---|
| 1st Maharaja of Sindh | |
| Reign | 631-671 |
| Predecessor | Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena) |
| Successor | Chandar |
| Issue | Dahir |
| Dynasty | Brahmin dynasty of Sindh |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Chach (c. 631-671 AD) (Sindhi: چچ)[1] was a Hindu Brahmin king of Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent in the mid-7th century AD. Chach expanded the kingdom of Sindh, and his successful efforts to subjugate surrounding monarchies and ethnic groups into an empire covering the entire Indus valley and beyond were recorded in the Chach Nama.
Biography[edit]
Chach was a Brahmin[2][3] who rose to a position of influence under Rai Sahiras II, king of Sindh and a member of the Rai dynasty. Chach was the chamberlain[4] to the King. According to the Chachnama, the last Rai emperor, Rai Sahasi II, died through illness without issue. By that time, Chach was in complete control of the affairs of the kingdom and had developed illicit sexual relations with Sahasi's wife (queen Rani Suhanadi).[5][circular reference] When Rai Sahasi II was near death, Suhanadi explained to Chach that the kingdom would pass to other relatives of the dying king in the absence of any direct heir. Consequently, they hid the news of the king's death until claimants to the throne were killed through conspiracy. Following this, Chach declared himself a ruler and later married Suhandi. This ended the Rai Dynasty and began the dynasty of a Brahmin dynasty called Chach dynasty.[citation needed] Maharana Maharat of Chittor, the brother of Rai Sahasi II invited Chach to a duel to seek revenge from Chach for killing his brother Rai Sahasi II and for usurping the throne of Sindh.[citation needed] [6][circular reference] He then launched a campaign against a succession of autonomous regions; he defeated his opponents along the south bank of the River Beas, at Iskandah, and at Sikkah. He sacked Sikkah, killing 5,000 men and taking the remainder of its inhabitants prisoners. A significant number of these captives were enslaved, and much booty was taken. After this victory, he appointed a thakur to govern from Multan, and used his army to settle boundary disputes with Kashmir. Chach also conquered Siwistan, but allowed its chief, Matta, to remain as his feudatory.[citation needed]
Later, he expanded his rule into Buddhist regions across the Indus River. These efforts culminated in a battle at Brahmanabad, in which the region's governor, Agham Lohana, was killed. Chach remained in Brahmanabad for a year to cement his authority there, and appointed Agham's son Sarhand as his governor; Sarhand was also wed to Chach's niece. Chach took Agham's widow as his wife, as well.
From Brahmanabad, he invaded Sassanid territory through the town of Armanbelah, marching from Turan to Kandahar. He exacted tribute from the latter before returning.
Upon his death, Chach was succeeded by his brother Chandar; Chandar is stated to have ruled for eight years, whereupon Dahir, Chach's eldest son, inherited the throne.
In 664 Caliph Usman sent an invading army to raid and annex Broach. This army however was interecepted by Maharaja Chach during its march and defeated with heavy slaughter. The commander Abdul Aziz was killed by Chach's army leading to a crushing defeat for otherwise powerful Rashidun Caliphate.
Places named after Chach[edit]
Several places along the Sindhu River were named after Chach; among these are Chachpur, Chachar, Chachro, Chachgaon, Chachi.[citation needed]
Resistance against Khalifas[edit]
Long before Mohmmed Bin Qasim, The Arabs started picking up quarrels with Brahmin Kings of Sindh. At length, Usman, the governor of the Grand Khalipha's distant province of Oman, openly attacked the Hindu state of Sindh. Then the Brahmin King of Sindh, Maharaja Chacha met the invaders outside Broach and defeated them with heavy slaughter also killing their very Commander-in-Chief Abdul Aziz in the process .[7][8]
| Preceded by Rai Sahasi II |
Chach of Alor 632-671 AD |
Succeeded by Chandar |
References[edit]
- ↑ Wink, André. (1991). Al- Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2, p. 153. Leiden: Brill.
- ↑ MacLean, Derryl N. (1989). Religion and Society in Arab Sind. BRILL. ISBN 9004085513.
- ↑ History of Ancient India By Rama Shankar Tripathi,Motilal Banarsidass Publications,Page 337
- ↑ Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8.
- ↑ "Rai sahasi II".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Rai dynasty - Wikipedia". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ↑ Savarkar, Veer (1 January 2020). Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-5322-097-6.
- ↑ Munshi, Kanaiyalal Maneklal (1944). The Glory that was Gūrjaradeśa: The Imperial Gūrjaras. 1st ed. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.