→Early life
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'''Begum Hazrat Mahal''' (c. 1820{{snd}}7 April 1879), also known as the [[Begum]] of [[Awadh]], was the second wife of [[Nawab of Awadh ]] [[Wajid Ali Shah]], and the regent of Awadh in | '''Begum Hazrat Mahal''' (c. 1820{{snd}}7 April 1879), also known as the [[Begum]] of [[Awadh]], was the second wife of [[Nawab of Awadh ]] [[Wajid Ali Shah]], and the regent of Awadh in 1857–1858. She is known for the leading role she had in the rebellion against the British East India Company during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. | ||
After her husband had been exiled to Calcutta and the Indian Rebellion broke out, she made her son, Prince [[Birjis Qadr]], the ''Wali'' (ruler) of Awadh, with herself as regent during his minority. However, she was forced to abandon this role after a short reign.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=8 April 2014 |title=A link to Indian freedom movement in Nepal |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/a-link-to-indian-freedom-movement-in-nepal/article5884467.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> | After her husband had been exiled to Calcutta and the Indian Rebellion broke out, she made her son, Prince [[Birjis Qadr]], the ''Wali'' (ruler) of Awadh, with herself as regent during his minority. However, she was forced to abandon this role after a short reign.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=8 April 2014 |title=A link to Indian freedom movement in Nepal |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/a-link-to-indian-freedom-movement-in-nepal/article5884467.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> She finally found asylum in Nepal onto [[Hallaur]], she died in 1879 [[Nepal]]. Her role in the rebellion has given her a heroine status. | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
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===Early life=== | ===Early life=== | ||
Begum Hazrat Mahal's name was Muhammedi Khanum, and she was born in Faizabad, Awadh, India. She was sold by her parents | Begum Hazrat Mahal's name was Muhammedi Khanum, and she was born in Faizabad, Awadh, India. She was sold by her parents and became a courtesan by profession. | ||
She entered the royal harem as a ''khawasin'' after having been sold to Royal agents, | She entered the royal harem as a ''khawasin'' after having been sold to Royal agents, where she was promoted to a ''pari'',<ref name=" Michael Edwardes 1975 p. 104">Michael Edwardes (1975) ''Red Year''. London: Sphere Books; p. 104</ref> and was known as Mahak Pari.{{cn|date=June 2020}} | ||
She became a ''Begum'' after being accepted as a royal concubine of the King of Awadh,<ref>[[Christopher Hibbert]] (1980) ''The Great Mutiny'', Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371</ref> the last Tajdaar-e-Awadh, [[Wajid Ali Shah]]; became his junior wife<ref>Saul David (2002) ''The Indian Mutiny'', Viking; p. 185</ref> and the title 'Hazrat Mahal' was bestowed on her after the birth of their son, [[Birjis Qadr]]. | She became a ''Begum'' after being accepted as a royal concubine of the King of Awadh,<ref>[[Christopher Hibbert]] (1980) ''The Great Mutiny'', Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371</ref> the last Tajdaar-e-Awadh, [[Wajid Ali Shah]]; became his junior wife<ref>Saul David (2002) ''The Indian Mutiny'', Viking; p. 185</ref> and the title 'Hazrat Mahal' was bestowed on her after the birth of their son, [[Birjis Qadr]]. | ||
In 1856, the British annexed Awadh, and Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to [[Calcutta]]. She was eventually to take charge of the affairs of the state of [[Awadh]] despite her divorce from the Nawab,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/begum-hazrat-mahal.html |title=Begum Hazrat Mahal |publisher=Mapsofindia.com |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>{{Better source|reason=a scholarly source for history would be better|date=May 2015}} | In 1856, the British annexed Awadh, and Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to [[Calcutta]]. She was eventually to take charge of the affairs of the state of [[Awadh]] despite her divorce from the Nawab,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/begum-hazrat-mahal.html |title=Begum Hazrat Mahal |publisher=Mapsofindia.com |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>{{Better source|reason=a scholarly source for history would be better|date=May 2015}} | ||
===Indian Rebellion of 1857=== | ===Indian Rebellion of 1857=== | ||
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She died there in 1879 and was buried in a nameless grave in the grounds of Kathmandu's Jama Masjid.<ref>{{cite news|last=Krishna|first=Sharmila|title=Far from the madding crowd she lies, forlorn & forgotten|url=http://oudh.tripod.com/bhm/bhmfar.htm|access-date=3 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Indian Express|The Indian Express - LUCKNOW]]|date=11 June 2002}}</ref> | She died there in 1879 and was buried in a nameless grave in the grounds of Kathmandu's Jama Masjid.<ref>{{cite news|last=Krishna|first=Sharmila|title=Far from the madding crowd she lies, forlorn & forgotten|url=http://oudh.tripod.com/bhm/bhmfar.htm|access-date=3 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Indian Express|The Indian Express - LUCKNOW]]|date=11 June 2002}}</ref> | ||
After her death, on the occasion of the jubilee of Queen Victoria (1887), the British Government pardoned Birjis Qadr and he was allowed to return home.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harcourt|first1=E.S|title=Lucknow the Last Phase of an Oriental Culture|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563375-7|page=76|edition=seventh}}</ref> | After her death, on the occasion of the jubilee of Queen Victoria (1887), the British Government pardoned [[Birjis Qadr]] and he was allowed to return home.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harcourt|first1=E.S|title=Lucknow the Last Phase of an Oriental Culture|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563375-7|page=76|edition=seventh}}</ref> | ||
==Memorials== | ==Memorials== | ||
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<gallery widths=180px heights=130px> | <gallery widths=180px heights=130px> | ||
File: Hazrat Mahal's Tomb in Kathmandu.jpg| | File: Hazrat Mahal's Tomb in Kathmandu.jpg|The tomb of Begum Hazrat Mahal near Jama Masjid in Kathmandu | ||
File: Begum Hazrat Mahal Park Lucknow.jpg|Memorial of Begum Hazrat Mahal in Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, [[Lucknow]] | File: Begum Hazrat Mahal Park Lucknow.jpg|Memorial of Begum Hazrat Mahal in Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, [[Lucknow]]. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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[[Category: Burials in Nepal]] | [[Category: Burials in Nepal]] | ||
[[Category:Indian slaves]] | [[Category:Indian slaves]] | ||
[[Category:Slave concubines]] | |||